# Election results — FLAGS (v3.14, 1820–2026)

Plain-English list of everything that needed a judgment call, plus every place where the numbers do not add up. Town rows are as the SOS printed them, with one typo correction (§2) made under your 2026-09-29 authorization and marked on the row.

## 1. Reconciliation

**Files with printed totals.** 2454 of 2461 contests reconcile exactly to the SOS's own total lines (county / district / state totals). The 7 that do not:

* `2010-06-08_Primary_State-Senate_D18_REP` (source W684): the SOS page's 'Total votes' line for Saviello (4,325) is 10 above the sum of its 33 town lines (4,315); no town line is missing or duplicated, so the town figures were kept and the total flagged.
* `2011-11-08_Referendum_County-Commissioner_CUM_D1` (source E032): SOS total line does not add; town rows kept as printed.
* `2012-06-12_Primary_US-House_D1_DEM` (source E049): Kennebec County's BLANK total is printed as 2,925 where its town rows add to 486; the District 1 total inherits the slip.
* `2012-06-12_Primary_US-Senate_DEM` (source E057): the state total line is 54 (Dill), 18 (Dunlap), 20 (Hinck), 8 (Pollard) and 3 (blank) below the sum of the town rows. SOS arithmetic.
* `2012-06-12_Primary_US-Senate_REP` (source E059): state line 5–23 votes below the sum of the town rows for each candidate.
* `2012-11-06_General_Register-of-Probate_OXF` (source E097): Oxford County's 'Totals' line is far below its own 41 rows; an incomplete spreadsheet formula at the SOS. Town rows used.
* `2012-11-06_Referendum_Referendum` (source E088): Questions 3 and 4: state totals are off by 1–5 votes from the sum of the town rows.

**Files without printed totals** (all the 1990–2008 comma-delimited files): the statewide sums of the town rows were compared with the certified results. Every one checked matches exactly, e.g. Governor 1990 McKernan 243,766 / Brennan 230,038 / Adam 48,377; 1994 King 180,829 / Brennan 172,951 / Collins 117,990 / Carter 32,695; 1998 King 246,772 / Longley 79,716 / Connolly 50,506; 2002 Baldacci 238,179 / Cianchette 209,496 / Carter 46,903 / Michael 10,612; 2006 Baldacci 209,927 / Woodcock 166,425 / Merrill 118,715 / LaMarche 52,690; 2010 LePage 218,065 / Cutler 208,270 (town rows + UOCAVA); President 1992 Clinton 263,420 / Perot 206,820 / Bush 206,504; 1996 Clinton 312,788 / Dole 186,378 / Perot 85,970; 2000 Gore 319,951 / Bush 286,616 / Nader 37,127; 2004 Kerry 396,842 / Bush 330,201; 2008 Obama 421,923 / McCain 295,273; U.S. Senate 2002 Collins 295,041 / Pingree 209,858; 2008 Collins 444,300 / Allen 279,510; U.S. House 2004 CD1 Allen 219,077 / Summers 147,663; Referendum 2009 Question 1 Yes 300,848 / No 267,828; 1996 REP presidential primary Dole 31,147 / Buchanan 16,478 / Forbes 9,991; 1994 DEM gubernatorial primary Brennan 56,359 / Allen 23,881.

**Web pages with printed totals** (1994–2010 pages): every county/district/office total on every page reconciles to its town lines, except the Senate District 18 line above and the Cumberland County treasurer line that led to the correction in §2.

## 2. The one corrected figure

* `2010-06-08_Primary_County-Treasurer_CUM_DEM`, Yarmouth, Gurney: the SOS page prints **85**; the page's own Cumberland County total (24,573) exceeds the sum of its 30 town lines by exactly 800, and 85 is implausible next to the neighbouring towns (Windham 1,043, Westbrook 1,214). Corrected to **885**; `source_note` on the row says so. If you would rather keep 85, it is a one-line change.

## 3. Parties, names and labels in the 1990–2010 files

* **Parties not in the file.** The 1990 and 1992 files (Governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, President) and the 1996, 2000 and 2004 President / U.S. Senate / U.S. House files list candidates by name only. Their ballot parties were filled in: 1990 McKernan R / Brennan D / Adam I; Cohen R / Rolde D; Andrews D / Emery R; Snowe R / McGowan D. 1992 Bush R / Clinton D / Perot I / Marrou Lib / Fulani New Alliance / Phillips Taxpayers; Andrews D / Bean R; Snowe R / McGowan D / Carter Green. 1996 Clinton D / Dole R / Perot Reform / Nader Green / Browne Lib / Phillips Taxpayers / Hagelin Natural Law; Collins R / Brennan D / Rensenbrink Green / Clarke Taxpayers. 2000 Gore D / Bush R / Nader Green Independent / Buchanan Reform / Browne Lib / Phillips Constitution; Snowe R / Lawrence D; Allen D / Amero R; Baldacci D / Campbell R. 2004 Kerry D / Bush R / Nader Independent / Cobb Green Independent / Badnarik Lib / Peroutka Constitution. 2000 CD1 also had J. Frederic Staples (Libertarian); Bill Van Auken (2004 write-in, Socialist Equality) has no party label. Legislative and county files of those years carry parties.
* **Names standardised** (your 2026-09-29 authorisation): `candidate_display` gives one Title-Case "First Last" per person across all years; surname-only entries (1990–1992 files, 1998 Governor, 2000 President/Senate/House, 2004 President, 1996/2000 presidential primaries) were resolved from the certified candidate lists (e.g. SNOWE → Olympia Snowe, McKERNAN → John McKernan, Jr., EPSTEIN in the 2000 Democratic presidential primary → Richard J. Epstein). Everything else was resolved from the fullest form of the same name in the database: hometowns and parties the SOS glued onto names (2014 primary files, 1990 legislative files) were split off; suffixes printed inside the surname ("BUNKER JR., GEORGE H.") moved to the suffix; a name printed without its suffix in some years is treated as the same person unless both forms ran in the same election; "C. Wesley Phinney" links to "Clinton Wesley Phinney". Capitalisation follows the SOS's own mixed-case spellings where it printed any (DeChant, LePage, McKernan, Dell'Olio) and Mc/Mac/O'/St. rules otherwise. Nicknames are not merged (Bill/William stay separate people). Middle names are kept in `name_middle` but not displayed.
* **1990 legislative files** glue hometown and party onto the name ("CUMMINGS, GEORGE W., Sr., Livermore Falls, RE"); they were split into `candidate`, `hometown`, `cand_party`.
* **1996 primary files** print party "0" on one Harpswell line in each file; the party was taken from the same candidate's other lines (`source_note`).
* **1998 primary**: the Reform Party ("A") held primaries in four State House districts; they are `_REF` contests.
* **2008 June primary**: the SOS's State House files also contain a few State Senate central-voting-place lines; they were assigned to the Senate contests and de-duplicated against the Senate files (0 duplicate rows dropped across all files, none conflicting).
* **Register of Deeds registry districts** (Aroostook Northern/Southern, Oxford Eastern/Western) are separate contests, as in v1; the 1998 primary file coded them RN/RS/RE/RW. Several later SOS files put both registries in one county contest; v3.12 splits those by registry (§20.3). Oxford appears to have one county-wide registry from 2018.
* **County codes.** Three files have no county column (2000 June legislative primaries, 2008 November legislative files, the 1994 primary pages); labels were matched by name, and 1,657 rows of the web pages needed the county taken from the same label in other files. The 2002 Green primary file codes Denmark, Lovell and Sweden as Cumberland; corrected to Oxford. A few 1994/2004 pages list Hancock towns under a "Franklin" heading and Waldo towns under "Knox" because the page heading was missing — the towns are tied to their real units (`unit_match` = "label-only (SOS county differs)").
* **Township labels** of the 1990s ("UN.TWP. OF T17 R5", "Un.Twp. of Tl7R5" [sic], "UN.TWP.MADAWASKA LK T16R4", "INDIAN PURCHASE T3 & T4", "TAR10/TAR12", "PLT. OF OXBOW", "TWP. 14 (COOPER)" = Cathance Twp, "UN.TWP. 8" = Fletchers Landing / T8 SD, "NO. 7, S.D. TWP." = T7 SD, "ROCKWARD TWP." = Rockwood Strip) were mapped by hand (39 labels, `unit_match` = manual, note on each). 3 obvious typos matched by similarity (RANGELY PLT., UN.TWP. BROOKTO). Four new units: T27 ED BPP (Washington), Guerette Twp (Aroostook), T7 SD / T8 SD (combined, Hancock), Big Moose Twp (Piscataquis; printed as "Big Squaw" before the 2011 renaming).
* **Combined lines**: "Greenville/Greenville Twps." and "STRONG includes FREEMAN TWP" are attached to the town with a note; "Freeman Twp./Salem Twp." and "Perkins Twp./Washington Twp." are the combined units already created in v1.

## 4. Particular elections

* **1990–1992**: files list every town once with its congressional district; no precincts, no blanks.
* **1994 June primaries**: web pages only; the pages give district totals, all reconciled. County was not printed for the legislative pages (matched by name).
* **1996 March presidential primary**: web pages; names printed first-name-first ("Bill Clinton") and kept that way; "UNCOM-MITTED" = UNCOMMITTED. The Democratic page has "Anroscoggin" for Androscoggin.
* **1996 June referendum** (library bond): county totals only → `results_county_only.csv`.
* **1996 November county offices**: the Somerset probate judge race had two adjudicated write-in candidates whose votes the SOS printed only as a county "[ADJUDICATED]" line (Alsop 2,199, Corson 2,156); kept as `row_type = special` with no unit.
* **1997 referendum file** has no question numbers; questions were numbered 1–6 in file order. 1996 Question 2 was a three-way choice (2A/2B/2C), kept as three choices.
* **1998 February special referendum** (people's veto): web page with ward/precinct columns; summed to towns.
* **2002 March State Senate District 27 special**: the page marks the Brennan and Vamvakias totals with an asterisk ("vote totals changed as a result of the Maine Senate decision on appeal of the recount"); the town/precinct lines are as printed and add to the asterisked totals (3,275 / 3,265).
* **2003 November referendum**: precinct lines have no total-ballots figure; the town's "Town Total" line supplies it (office "Total Ballots Cast").
* **2004 November U.S. House file** is malformed CSV (fields separated by spaces); repaired before parsing; reconciles to the certified result.
* **2007 District 83 special (Jones v. Morrell)**: the file carries no date. The Ethics Commission's filing calendar for that race (24-hour reports on May 31 and June 4, 2007) places it with the June 12, 2007 referendum; dated 2007-06-12 — please confirm. (The November 6, 2007 District 83 special, Dyar v. Jones, is a different election and is also included.)
* **2008 November legislative files** have no county column; a few towns that exist in two counties were resolved by the district.
* **2009 November referendum**: sixteen county pages, one per county; statewide questions.
* **2010 June primary**: HTML tables; all "Total votes" lines reconcile except the two noted above.
* **2010 November Governor**: from the Wayback text file (the upload had only a scanned PDF); precinct level, summed; UOCAVA line kept; LePage 217,862 + 203 UOCAVA = 218,065 certified.
* **Wayback files not used**: pages that duplicate a comma-delimited file for the same contest (e.g. the 1994–2008 by-county pages, county-office pages of 1996/2000/2002 whose data are in the "all county offices" files), summary-only pages, the file-layout notes, and the 2010 November files other than the Governor (they duplicate v1's uploads). `source_files.csv` lists exactly what was used.

## 5. Rows stored twice, and districts that were missing (fixed in v2.1)

A check of every contest for the same place-and-candidate appearing more than once found the following. In each case the town table now holds one set of rows; the precinct table (`results_precinct_long.csv`) still holds every ward/precinct line the SOS published, with the sheet named, so nothing is lost.

* **2018 November U.S. House District 2** (Golden–Poliquin, ranked choice): two SOS sources covered the race — the ward-level spreadsheet of unofficial first choices reported by the towns (`Rep-congress-results.xlsx`) and the cast-vote-record export from which the SOS ran the ranked-choice count. v2 kept both, so every town's votes were counted twice. v2.1 keeps the cast-vote-record figures (they match the official first-round totals) and leaves the spreadsheet's ward lines in the precinct table only. The two differ slightly town by town (Lewiston: Poliquin 5,107 CVR vs 5,095 spreadsheet), which is normal for unofficial-vs-official counts. Party and hometown for the CVR rows were taken from the spreadsheet.
* **Same tabulation on two sheets of one file**: 2014 June Republican U.S. Senate primary (`ussenaterepprim.xls`, 'Sheet 1' + 'Sheet2'); 2014 June Republican Register of Deeds primary (`regdeedrepprim.xlsx`); 2014 June Democratic Sheriff primary (`sheriffdemprim.xls`, per-county sheets + 'Sheet2'); 2014 June Republican State House primary (`srrepprim.xls`, 'Sheet1' + 'Sheet2'); 2018 June Democratic State House primary (`staterepd.xlsx`, 'Sheet1' + 'NO FOURNIER'); 2018 June referendum (`referendum618.xlsx`, 'FINAL' + 'DATA not combined'). v2 counted both sheets. v2.1 keeps the SOS-format sheet (the one with county and party columns) in each case: 'Sheet2' for the three 2014 files (the other sheet is a re-formatted copy that mislabels the declared write-in Erick Bennett as 'Others' in six towns and, in the State House file, glues hometowns onto names), 'Sheet1' for the 2018 State House file, and 'FINAL' for the 2018 referendum. Two differences to know about: (a) April Fournier withdrew from the House District 42 Democratic primary on April 10, 2018, after the ballot deadline, and still received 150 votes in Portland; the 'NO FOURNIER' sheet counts those as blank, the kept sheet lists them under her name with a `source_note`; (b) in the 2014 Republican State House primary the two sheets disagree for Oxford in District 72 (Jackson 242 / blank 18 on the dropped sheet vs 239 / 17 on the kept one) — the kept figures are the SOS-format sheet's; the other sheet's district total (426) is the only place the higher figure appears.
* **2008 June primary State House files** end with a block of State Senate central-count lines that are repeated verbatim in the State Senate files; they are now read from the Senate files only (v2's cross-file check missed them because the file-level office differed).
* **Districts printed only in headings.** In four files the SOS put the district number in a block heading or a "District N Totals" line rather than a column, so v2 filed every district of a county as one contest: 2012 November County Commissioner (`2012cntycom.xls`), 2014 November County Commissioner (`cntycommgen.xlsx`), the November 2011 Cumberland and Somerset County Commissioner specials, and the 2014 Republican State House primary (whose district column had been read as District 1 throughout). The districts are now read from the headings; every block reconciles to its printed total. The 2014 June U.S. House primaries, the 2014 November U.S. House race and the 2016 June U.S. House primaries had the district only in the sheet name ('CG1'/'CG2', 'Dist 1'/'Dist 2'); the contests are now `_D1` / `_D2`.
* **2010 November Androscoggin County Charter Commission** (`countychartercommissionerandro.txt`) was filed as County Commissioner; it is now office "County Charter Commission", districts 1–3 (all four candidates were declared write-ins).
* **2010 November Register of Deeds** statewide file carried the note "Aroostook; Oxford" (those two counties' registries are in separate files) as its county, so the fourteen other counties were one contest; now one contest per county.
* A 2014 U.S. House District 2 Republican primary grand-total line ("Representative to Congress District 2") and a stray all-zero ward line in the 2012 State House file had been read as towns; removed. The July 2020 Penobscot and Piscataquis county-question UOCAVA lines are now in their county's contest.
* **Still as the SOS printed it, but worth knowing** (found while checking Yarmouth): in the June 2018 Democratic primary the SOS's State Senate file (District 25, Breen) and State House file (District 47, Cooper) both give Yarmouth exactly 1,447 votes and 233 blanks; both candidates were unopposed and the ballots-cast figure (1,680) is the same, so this may be right, but it may also be a copied row. The SOS's July 2020 Democratic State House primary file has no District 47 block at all (Yarmouth, Chebeague Island, Long Island), so that contest is missing for those towns.

## 6. Not done / needs you

* Referendum questions: `referendum_questions.csv` describes each question in one line (from Ballotpedia's Maine year pages for 1995–2021 and the SOS's ballot-order notices for 2023–2025); the full statutory ballot wording is not included. The 2011 Penobscot and July 2020 Penobscot/Piscataquis county questions are in the SOS files without any text.
* Candidate names: nickname variants (Bill/William, Bob/Robert) are separate `person_id`s; a person who changed surname is two people. Both are easy to merge by editing `candidate_names.csv`.
* County offices remain the least-checked category; the 1996 and 2000 "all county offices" files carry no district for treasurer/probate/sheriff (county-wide), which is correct, but commissioner districts before 1998 are as the SOS printed them.
* No MEGIS/Census codes yet for the 130 township units.
* One date to confirm (2007 District 83 special, §4).


## 7. Middle initial "V." read as the suffix "V" (fixed in v2.2)

* 36 candidates (119 name lines, 755 town rows, 339 precinct rows) had "V" in `name_suffix` because the parser took a middle initial V. as "the Fifth". None of them is a genuine "V".
* Fixed: suffix cleared (middle initial moved to `name_middle` where it was empty), `candidate_display` and `person_id` rebuilt (`bowers-rodney-v` → `bowers-rodney`).
* Real suffixes that had been lost are restored: Roger Snow, Jr. (1990); Galen Libby, Jr. (1994); Robert Toothaker, III; Gordon Page, Sr.
* Gordon V. Page of Owls Head (State Senate 2020 as "Gordon V. Page Sr.", County Commissioner 2024 as "Gordon V. Page") is one person: `page-gordon-sr`.
* Genuine II / III / IV / Jr. / Sr. suffixes were checked and left as they are.
* Display rule for the site: a suffix belongs with the surname ("Olsen Jr.", "King III"); it is never shown on its own as a short name.


## 8. The 1940–1989 part (added in v3.0)

1. **Source arithmetic errors kept as printed.** Where a canvass's printed county total differs from the sum of its own town figures, the town figures are kept and the difference is documented table by table in `pre1990-transcription/README-WORK-IN-PROGRESS.md` (every mismatch is accounted for).
2. **Handwritten corrections applied** (66, listed in `pre1990-transcription/handwritten_corrections_log.csv`) unless evidence argues against one. Three hand marks were *not* applied because the typeset figures already reflect them: 1968 Warren, 1972 Oxford Register of Probate, 1972 Senate District 16.
3. **Winners.** 1976 and 1978 canvasses (and several county-level sheets) mark no winners; those winners are derived from the votes and `winner_basis` says so. 1976 House winners were cross-checked against the seats each district elects. One tie in the printed figures (June 1988 Somerset County Commissioner District 2 Democratic primary) is left unresolved.
4. **Party not printed.** 1944–1950 legislative canvasses print no party; those 184 seats per election show as "party not printed" on the site. A few later winners also have no printed party (1958 Shepard Edwards, Waldo House; 1978 Harold Silverman, Senate D29; 1978 Robert Barry, House D15). Byron Young (1958) was printed "R & D" (both nominations) and is counted as Other.
5. **Presidential names.** 1948–1956 county sheets print surnames only ("Dewey & Warren"); these are resolved to the national nominees. 1960–1972 tickets ("Richard M. Nixon and Spiro T. Agnew") are filed under the presidential candidate. 1984 Gus Hall and Dennis Serrette are printed with no party and are kept so.
6. **Recounts.** Where a recount figure is printed (1988 House District 125: Constantine 1,971, Salsbury 1,951), it replaces the election-night count; the original count is in the transcription note. The 1974 Sagadahoc commissioner recount is a county-level table.
7. **Surname-only names not resolved (19 entries)** stay as printed, mostly in the June 1986 House primary book (initials only, e.g. Lockman, Berry, Peakes).
8. **Places.** 17 new unit IDs (MPD-0950–0966) for places that appear only in the old canvasses; see `units_election_additions.csv`. Labels with no town name printed are their own units, not apportioned.
9. **County-level presidential and gubernatorial sheets** before 1972 are in `results_aggregate_long.csv`; the site shows them on town pages as the county result, labelled so.


## 9. Maine Register era, 1868–1928 (v3.1, 2026-10-02)

* **Seven transcription files are not merged** at Matt's direction: 1871–72, 1873–74, 1875, 1892, 1896, 1898 and 1902. Their scans are black-and-white and 3/8 (and 5/6, 1/7) readings could not all be settled. The files stay in `maine-register/` for later work.
* **Printed totals that do not match the town figures (resolved 2026-10-02: town figures win).** 244 columns do not add to the total printed beneath them. The town figures are kept and the total is the sum of the town figures; the printed total is in `reconciliation.csv` and in the row note. Each table's note in the source file names the likely bad cell. Why town figures: they were checked cell by cell in two copies, and where an independent figure exists it sides with them — e.g. 1920 President, Cox: town figures 59,051, the book's recapitulation 69,306 (Penobscot printed 14,065 for 6,100), the certified result 58,961; 1900 President, Waldo: town figures McKinley 2,469 / Bryan 1,710 (Waldo cast 4,965 votes for Governor two months earlier), recapitulation 1,468 / 710 — so the commonly quoted state total (McKinley 65,412) carries the book's Waldo misprint, and our town-based total is 66,293. Examples: 1884 Governor recapitulation (marked "official count") 377 above its county tables for Robie; 1914 Governor recap prints Gardner 18,726 against counties summing to 18,226; 1922 U.S. House District 4 recap prints Hersey 19,641 against 18,641.
* **Town tables vs. the book's recapitulation.** For 1868–69 (and three later columns) the county tables print no county total; their town sums were compared with the book's county recapitulation and 56 county columns disagree (largest: 1869 Governor, Aroostook — Smith 1,523 in the town table vs 1,202 in the recap). Both copies of the book print the same figures. Town rows are kept; the county rows now carry the town sums (the recap figure is in the row note). Statewide totals on the site therefore differ slightly from the totals the books print in those years.
* **1916 U.S. Senate.** Two seats were filled: the vacancy seat for the term ending 1919 (Bert Fernald, `seat = T1919`) and the full term ending 1923 (Frederick Hale, `seat = T1923`). The 1920 reprint of the T1923 table was not used; the 1917 edition's table was.
* **1926 special U.S. Senate election** dated November 29, 1926 (the books give no date; the turnout — 110,053 votes against 181,714 for Governor in September — confirms a separate election day). Correction to `maine-register` v2, which had dated it September 13.
* **1878 Districts 1–3 and 1878 District 4 columns with missing headings** are not on file (District 4 columns whose candidate headings are cut off in every scan were dropped).
* **Recapitulation Congress rows printed without a district** were assigned the district from the same book's town tables (512 rows); undistricted Scattering lines in those recaps were dropped.
* **Surname-only candidates** (14): 1868 Congress Democrats Shaw (D1), Garcelon (D2), Farley (D3), Ladd (D4); 1876 Goodwin, Belcher, Chase, O'Brien, Donworth, Oak, McLellan; 1890 D3 Baker and Bateman. Not guessed.
* **Soldier vote, 1918.** "Men in Service" lines are kept as one unit per county; they count in county and state totals and are not on the map.
* **Historical places without a shape** (Deering, Dover, Foxcroft, deorganized plantations) count in totals; they are not drawn on the map, so the map's towns do not add to the statewide figure for those years.

## 10. Site audit corrections (v3.2, 2026-10-02)

* **1962 and 1970 U.S. House county rows were doubled** (same figures from two sheets, `elec_19621106g/h.pdf` and `elec_19701103j/k.pdf`). The second copy is dropped. A check of every other aggregate contest found no other identical-figure duplicates; the remaining repeated keys are legitimate (district tables continued on a second page, municipal and unincorporated-township summaries of the 1969 Sunday-sale question, "Others" lines).
* **Write-in scatter** is now flagged `writein = True` wherever a canvass or SOS file lists a stray write-in by name (rule: no party, ≤ 25 votes in the contest and under 1% of it). The site folds flagged write-ins under 5% of the contest into "Write-ins / others"; real write-in campaigns (Donald Messer 1974 Sheriff, Edward Dexter 1974 HD 38, the 1996 Somerset Judge of Probate race, etc.) stay named.
* **Ranked-choice winners** are in `contests.csv` (`winner_basis = ranked-choice final count`) for the ten contests decided by the count. Final-round totals are not stored; the rows are first choices. The June 2026 results come from the Secretary of State's tabulation announcement (June 18–19, 2026).
* **2018 District Attorney, Prosecutorial District 2 (Cumberland):** the SOS tabulation lists only Jonathan Sahrbeck; the organised Democratic write-in campaign's votes are inside the 117,290 "blank" ballots, which is why the race shows a 73% blank rate. Needs the SOS write-in tally if it exists.
* **Lewiston Libertarian enrollment** (a registration matter, noted here because the site audit raised it): the figures are as the SOS files report them; see `registration-data/FLAGS.md`.


## 11. 1940–1989 clean-up (v3.3, 2026-10-02)

* **Done:** local-option questions of Nov. 1966/1968/1970/1974 relabelled `Local Option Question N`; 11 statewide questions added to `referendum_questions.csv`; 1978 and 1982 primary party totals moved to their own `Primary-Party-Total` contests; rule 19 applied to 61 printed totals (see README v3.3 and the `rule 19` rows of `reconciliation.csv`).
* **1989 Question 4.** The statewide figures typed on the specimen ballot (136,873 Yes / 87,093 No) are exactly the sum of the counties without Somerset (4,857 / 3,590). The database uses the full sum, 141,730 / 90,683.
* **Towns printed 0 in the June 1988 primary printouts (Matt's decision, 2026-10-02: fill when the figure is certain).** Filled — exactly one town missing, figure = printed total minus the other towns, and consistent with that town's U.S. Senate primary vote the same day (0.85–1.2 times the county pattern): Portland 1,099, Rumford 887, Brewer 88, Kittery 81, Sanford 282 / 452 / 314, Bangor 1,102 / 680, Limestone 10, Bowdoinham 30, Skowhegan 135, Hollis 94, Bath 320 (14 columns; `fix_v3.3_pre1990.py` Part C). **Not filled (12 columns), because the missing figure cannot be pinned to one town or fails the check:** Kennebec Commissioner D1 D and R (Augusta and Randolph both missing); Cumberland Register of Probate R, Graffam and write-ins (South Portland and Yarmouth both missing); York Register of Probate R (Hollis and Sanford both missing); Androscoggin Commissioner D1 D (Lisbon — the implied 177 votes would exceed Lisbon's 167 Democratic Senate-primary votes); Cumberland Commissioner D2 R (Gorham — the implied 836 is nearly double Gorham's 450 Republican Senate-primary votes); Cumberland Commissioner D2 D write-in (1 vote, Gorham blank); U.S. House D2 D Aroostook (4 votes, Mapleton printed blank in every column). These keep the town figures as printed and the printed total in `reported_total`.
* **Kept:** 1974 Sagadahoc Commissioner recount (Crosby 4,090, Leeman 4,085; town rows are the original count); 1982 U.S. House D2 Piscataquis has no town sheet (the site adds the printed county figure to the totals and says so); the 1969 Sunday-sale question prints two county rows per county (municipalities and unincorporated townships) that together equal the towns.

## 12. Dubin Governor county returns 1820–1952 (v3.4, 2026-10-03)

* **What was loaded and what was not.** Dubin's figures are in the database only for the Governor elections with no other county or town source (1820–1867, 1870–1875, 1879, 1892, 1896–1898, 1902–1904, 1930–1944). For 1868–1928 (Register years) and 1946–1952 (canvasses) the existing rows stay; Dubin's figures for those years are in `dubin-governor/dubin_overlap_check.csv`. Every detail of the transcription — the six corrected digits, the "unofficial" newspaper tallies of 1844–1857 that do not add to the official state totals, the two "soldiers vote" rows of 1864, the party abbreviations still to be confirmed against the books' keys (Cl-D, A,MeL/AML, WD, OppD, StRD, R-I) — is in `dubin-governor/FLAGS.md`.
* **Register vs Dubin.** 158 of 1,439 overlapping county figures differ, all in the Register era. The database keeps the town sums (rule 19); Dubin reprints the Register's printed county recapitulation, so these are the known rule-19 cases plus a few where the Register printed two versions of a county figure. Largest: 1886 KEN Clark Edwards Dubin 3,244 / Register town sum 4,141; 1869 ARO Franklin Smith Dubin 1,202 / Register town sum 1,523; 1886 SOM Joseph Bodwell Dubin 3,793 / Register town sum 3,993; 1926 PEN Ernest McLean Dubin 8,358 / Register town sum 8,558; 1876 HAN Selden Connor Dubin 4,198 / Register town sum 4,003; 1908 KNO Curtis Perry Dubin 39 / Register town sum 216.
* **Winners before 1880.** Maine required a majority until the 1880 amendment; where no candidate had one, the Legislature chose, and `winners` names the governor it seated (Dana 1846 and 1848, Crosby 1852 and 1853, Morrill 1854, Wells 1855, Davis 1879 — Crosby and Wells had not led the popular vote; Hubbard led in 1852 without the required majority, and the Legislature chose Crosby. Until v3.12 the 1852 winner read Hubbard); `winner_basis` says so and the pages show the note.
* **Still only county level.** Dubin prints nothing below the county; town figures for these years would have to come from the Maine Register volumes not yet merged (P-002) or the State Archives' manuscript returns.
* **The 1840 Oxford row** is missing from Dubin's table (noted in his FLAGS) — the 1840 state total therefore exceeds the county sum. (This is 1840, still a Dubin year; 1940 is by town since v3.10.)


## 13. Data-audit corrections (v3.5, 2026-10-05)

Script `election-results/fix_v3.5.py` (re-runnable on a v3.4 unzip with the `dubin-governor/` package). Audit references (E2, E3, E10, H1–H5) are to `claude/data-audit-2026-10-04.md`.

**13.1 Two columns under one name, 1944–1950 county offices (E2) — decided: two party lines of the same person (fusion), not an opponent.** The audit read these as an opponent's votes credited to the winner. The Law Library's primary books say otherwise for five of the seven, and the column patterns say the same for the other two. No votes moved; every contest total is unchanged. The second column's rows now read `<name> [second party line as printed]` in `candidate_as_printed` (so no two rows share a key), and each row's `source_note` gives the evidence:

| Contest | 2nd column | Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1944 Clerk of Courts, York (Fenderson) | 7,581 | 1944 primary returns (`1940-1944/primaries/elec_19440619.pdf`): Fenderson in the Republican (5,625) **and** Democratic (1,907) primaries | proved |
| 1944 Clerk of Courts, Sagadahoc (Brawn) | 765 | same book: Brawn in the Democratic primary (130) | proved |
| 1944 Sheriff, Sagadahoc (Messenger) | 1,195 | same book: Messenger in the Republican (1,634) and Democratic (128) primaries | proved |
| 1946 Judge of Probate, York (Fenderson) | 9,323 | 1946 primary chart (`1946/19460617/elec_19460617a.pdf`) lists Fenderson for both parties. The transcription note ("printing error for the other candidate") was a guess and is superseded | proved |
| 1948 Clerk of Courts, Sagadahoc (Brawn) | 905 | 1948 primary chart (`1948/19480621/elec_19480621a.pdf`): Brawn the sole candidate of both parties | proved |
| 1946 Register of Deeds, Aroostook Northern (Thibodeau) | 1,117 | both headings print Thibodeau. Town by town, the first column tracks the Republican vote for the unopposed county offices and the second tracks the Democratic vote (Eagle Lake 44 / 179, Fort Kent 270 / 172). The 1954 canvass prints him "R & D". The 1946 chart lists no candidate filed in either party | **probable — please confirm** |
| 1950 Register of Deeds, Aroostook Northern (Thibodeau) | 2,771 (starred) | same pattern. The 1950 chart has Thibodeau in the Democratic primary (with Mildred V. Cyr and James Martin) and no Republican; the primary results volume gives county offices no figures | **probable — please confirm** |

If Matt prefers the strict reading for the two Aroostook contests, the second column becomes "Second column (name not printed)". In 1950 that column is the starred winner (2,771 vs 1,774), so the winner would then be unnamed. Only the Democratic primary result (Cyr / Martin / Thibodeau) or a 1950–51 Maine Register listing of the Fort Kent register can settle it.

Fusion contests already keyed by printed party were checked and left as they are, with a note on each row: 1968 Cumberland Sheriff (Sharpe R/D), 1970 Oxford Sheriff (Haskell R/D), 1970 Cumberland Sheriff (Sharpe D + unlabelled 81), 1970 Senate D29 (Quinn R/D), and 1976 House D49 (Stubbs R/D). For Stubbs, the 1976 primary chart (`1976/19760608/elec_19760608b.pdf`) lists him as the Republican and **no** Democrat, so the D line is almost certainly his Democratic write-in nomination and not a misprinted opponent. The 1948 Sagadahoc Sheriff "Messenger (write-in)" line (1 vote) is a separate write-in line and is kept.

**13.2 Dubin state totals vs county sums (E3).** Rule 18 was tested on all 100 disagreeing columns in `dubin-governor/state_vs_county_check.csv`; the result is in the new `dubin_rule18_check.csv`. A county cell is corrected only when (a) changing one digit closes the gap to the printed state total, (b) the cell's printed percentage fits only the corrected figure, and (c) the county's other printed percentages fit at least as well after the change. **No cell qualifies**, so no figure changed beyond the six corrections already in `adjustments_log.csv`.

* **1838 Kent, Kennebec 1,584 → 6,584 is not supported.** Dubin prints 29.2% for Kent in Kennebec and 70.8% for Fairfield. Those fit 1,584 / 3,838 exactly; 6,584 would be 63.2%. The 5,000-vote gap is real (the state total of 42,897 is the commonly cited figure), but it cannot be placed on Kennebec or on any other county. Every county's percentages fit its printed figures.
* **1843 Piscataquis Kavanaugh 9 → 3** fits its own 0.1% but makes the county's other percentages fit worse. Rejected, as in the Dubin FLAGS.
* **1861 Jameson +3,000, 1862 Coburn +4,039, 1902 Hill +2,000, 1834 Sprague +1,001:** every county percentage matches its printed figure, so these cannot be placed either.

**The state row is the figure of record.** `results_aggregate_long.csv` already holds Dubin's state row (the official or stated total) beside the county rows. Until now the site summed the county rows for these elections. `site-design/shared/site_data.py` now takes each candidate's statewide total from the state row whenever one exists (85 candidate columns in 41 elections, all Dubin years) and keeps the county rows for the county map. 1838 now shows Kent 42,897.

**13.3 One-pass corrections (E10).**
* 1985 Question 8: the second "Livermore" row → Livermore Falls (MPD-0008; 237 Yes / 231 No) and the second "Boothbay" row → Boothbay Harbor (MPD-0227; 247 / 222). Livermore and Boothbay no longer carry doubled figures.
* 1986 House D49: the second "Rangeley" row (Mills 24, Winsor 17) → Rangeley Plt (MPD-0132).
* 2010 November referendum: the SOS file lists T7 SD twice, once under Hancock (all zeros) and once under Washington (its votes). The 9 all-zero Hancock rows are dropped.
* 2022 Piscataquis Register of Deeds (REP primary) "Guilford/Kingsbur Plt" and 2022 Register of Probate "Guilford/Kingsbury Twp" → the combined unit MPD-0676, like every other 2020+ file (4 town rows + 2 crosswalk entries). **Still true and not fixable:** from 2020 the SOS reports Guilford and Kingsbury Plt as one line, so Guilford has no 2020–2024 President or Senate rows under its own id.
* Ethan Alcorn, 2024 CD1: `cand_party` UNE (IND until v3.6), label `UNENROLLED/INDEPENDENT` (116 rows). Albion K. Parris, 1824 Governor: `cand_party` DR (Dubin prints no code that year; D-R in 1821–1825), 10 rows.

**13.4 Winners for 1990+ (H5).** 12,502 contests now have `winners` from the votes, with `n_seats` = 1 and `winner_basis` = "derived from the votes (source marks no winners)". For ranked-choice contests the basis reads "(first choices; …)". The 10 ranked-choice overrides are unchanged. In every other ranked-choice contest the first-choice leader is the winner of record. Left blank, with the reason in `winner_basis`:
* **Ties (4):** 2004-06-08 Senate D20 Republican primary, Dana Dow / Leslie Fossel 1,834 each. Needs Matt: the recount or the SOS's certified nominee. Also 1994-06-14 House D151 Republican primary, John Brown / Shirlee Connors-Carlson 127 each, and two 1998 Knox finance-committee districts (D4 Laite / Moody and D8 Lauterbach / Simoneau, 1–1 write-in ties).
* **Not derived (100):** 88 contests with no votes for a named candidate (blank or write-in lines only); 12 where the number of seats is not in the source (the 2008/2010 county charter commissions and the 2012 county-wide Knox finance committee); plus 54 ballot-question and 3 turnout pseudo-contests, marked "not applicable".

**13.5 `county_at_election` (H4)** is a new column on `results_town_long.csv` and `results_precinct_long.csv`.
* **Canvass and Register eras:** the county the source printed the place under. This covers Otisfield, in Cumberland until 1978 (668 rows CUM), and Isle au Haut, in Hancock until 1913 (91 rows HAN).
* **Exceptions in those eras:** Harrington (5 rows) and Exeter (1 row), which the June 1988 printouts put on another county's sheet, keep their own county.
* **1990+ SOS files:** the unit's county. The SOS's county column there is the county a township's votes were filed under (for example "Townships voting in Millinocket"), not a boundary change. UOCAVA lines take the SOS county.
* **Where it differs from `unit_county`:** 1,793 rows.

**13.6 1882 at-large U.S. House (audit: rule 19 not applied).** Checked: every county row already equals the sum of its town figures for every candidate column. The audit's difference comes from the 40 `variant_name` rows: votes the Register prints as "returned for" misspelled names (for example "Nelson Dingley" 14, "Thomas H. Murch" 91, "Joseph Dana" 93). These carry the candidate's `candidate_display` but are kept outside the candidate totals by the v3.1 rule. No change. Anyone summing by `candidate_display` must filter `col_role = candidate`.

**13.7 Totals.** `total_votes` is filled for 87 of the 103 contests where it was blank. It uses the town rows where they exist, otherwise the finest aggregate level, counting candidate + others + referendum votes. The 16 still blank have no candidate votes in the source: the 1978/1982 primary party-total contests, the June 1968 U.S. House primary party totals, and ten June 1988 primaries printed with no candidate. `n_units` is refreshed for the 1985 referendum, 1986 House D49 and the two 2022 Piscataquis contests.

**13.8 2024 U.S. House District 2, first choices (H3).** The by-municipality "1st Choices" file gives Golden 196,388 / Theriault 194,130 / others 421 / blank 11,997 = 402,936. It counts literal first choices. The SOS ranked-choice summary report's round 1 (Golden 197,151 / Theriault 194,445 / exhausted 11,340, same 402,936 ballots) counts a ballot whose first ranking was skipped toward its next ranking. Both are official. The database and the site show first choices; Golden won after the count. CD1 2024 (Pingree 249,948 / Russell 155,076 / Alcorn 20,889) and U.S. Senate 2024 (King 427,570) match the SOS "FINAL-Corrected" files exactly; the Wikipedia figures they were compared with are out of date. Nothing changed.

**13.9 Missing federal returns (H1/H2).**
* **Loaded — Governor 1966 and 1974, statewide only** (new era `Legislative Record (official count)`, `row_type = state`, 8 rows). Source: the Legislative Record's report of the official count read to the Legislature, which is the Governor and Council's tabulation:
  * 1966: Curtis 172,036, Reed 151,802 (whole number 323,838). House, January 5, 1967, p. 37.
  * 1974: Longley 142,464, Mitchell 132,219, Erwin 84,176, Leen 2,883, Hughes 1,314, Hartman 889 (363,945). House, January 2, 1975, p. A20.
  * Both lists add exactly to the printed whole number.
  * The Record prints no parties. Reed and Curtis (1966) and Erwin and Mitchell (1974) are coded from that year's primary nomination. **Longley is coded UNE** (IND until v3.6) because he was in neither party's primary — please confirm. Hughes, Leen and Hartman are left without a party.
* **Not loaded — the Clerk of the House "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election" volumes.** They are reachable only as image-only PDFs with no text layer. The fetch tool returns no text, and direct download from clerk.house.gov, history.house.gov and archive.org is blocked from this sandbox. So no President 1932–1944 and no U.S. Senate or U.S. House rows for 1942, 1944, 1966 or 1974 were added. See README "Coverage gaps". *(Superseded by §13.10: the volumes were then read through a browser on Matt's computer and transcribed.)*

**13.10 Clerk of the House federal returns (v3.5 continued, 2026-10-05).** Script `election-results/fix_v3.5b_clerk.py` (re-runnable on the v3.5 folder; it first removes anything it added before). Transcription: `election-results/clerk_statistics_transcription.csv`, 96 rows, one per printed figure, with the volume year, PDF page, printed page, office, district, name and party as printed, and votes.

* **How they were read.** The volumes at `https://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/<year>election.pdf` are page images with no text layer. Each Maine page was rendered with pdf.js in a browser on Matt's computer (the sandbox cannot reach clerk.house.gov) and read from enlarged screenshots. All seven volumes opened:

| Volume | Maine on PDF page (printed page) |
|---|---|
| 1932 | 13 (13) |
| 1936 | 12–13 (12–13) |
| 1940 | 11 (11) |
| 1942 | 12 (12) |
| 1944 | 16 (15) |
| 1966 | 18 (17) |
| 1974 | 16–17 (15–16) |

* **Loaded: 16 contests, 43 `row_type = state` rows,** era `Clerk of the House statistics`, `source_id` `CLERK-<year>`. The contests are President 1932/1936/1940/1944, U.S. Senate 1942 and 1966, and U.S. House D1–D3 1942 and 1944 and D1–D2 1966 and 1974. Contest ids follow the existing pattern (`1942-09-14_General_US-House_D1`, `1944-11-07_General_President`, `1966-11-08_General_US-Senate`). Dates are Maine's September elections through 1944, from the volumes' footnotes ("Election held on Sept. 14, 1942"; "Election Sept. 11, 1944"), and November for President and for 1966/1974. **No overlap:** none of these contests existed from any other source, so nothing needed comparing. The 1942/1944 primaries and the 1940–1944 Governor rows are separate contests.
* **Totals.** The 1942, 1944, 1966 and 1974 volumes print a "Recapitulation of votes cast in Maine". Every district total, the Senate totals, the 1944 presidential total and the by-party "Total, by districts" lines equal the sums of the candidate figures (`reconciliation.csv`, diff 0 in every case). The 1932, 1936 and 1940 volumes print no totals. There, `reported_total` is the candidate sum and `printed_totals_available` = False. **No printed discrepancies were found.**
* **President = party lines.** The Clerk prints the vote by party ("highest vote for presidential elector of each party"). `candidate_as_printed` and `cand_party_label` are the party as printed. `candidate_display` and `person_id` name the party's national ticket head, which is public record but **not printed in the volume**:
  * 1932: Hoover, Roosevelt, Thomas, Reynolds (Socialist-Labor), Foster (Communist).
  * 1936: Landon, Roosevelt, Lemke (Union), Thomas, Colvin (Prohibition), Browder, Aiken (Socialist Labor).
  * 1940: Willkie, Roosevelt, Browder.
  * 1944: Dewey, Roosevelt, Teichert.
* **Parties and names.** Parties are as printed: Republican, Democrat/Democratic, Independent (Maynard 1966 → UNE; IND until v3.6), Socialist-Labor (SLP), Union (UN), Communist (COM), Prohibition (PRH). Neil S. Bishop 1966 is printed "write-in" (`writein` = True, no party). Hometowns are not printed and are left blank. Existing `person_id`s are reused, along with that person's existing `candidate_display`; for example Ralph O. Brewster is `brewster-owen`, displayed "Owen Brewster", and Edward C. Moran (printed without "Jr.") is `moran-edward-jr`. New ids carry an initial where the plain id is someone else's: `foster-william-z`, `lemke-william-f`, `connolly-joseph-e-f`, `smith-clyde-h`.
* **Winners** are derived from the votes (the Clerk marks none). 1974 District 1: Emery 94,203 over Kyros 93,524.
* **Also loaded (run with `--include-extra`, 2026-10-05):** U.S. House 1932, 1936 and 1940, and U.S. Senate 1936 (White 158,068, Brann 153,420) and 1940 (Brewster 150,149, Brann 105,740, Lewis Gordon 305, party printed as a dash). They are on the same pages and also missing from the database. They are loaded as 11 more contests (statewide/district level).
* **Still missing:** county and town figures for all of these races (not in the Clerk volumes).

## 14. Matt's decisions of 2026-10-05 (v3.6)

### 14.1 Unenrolled, never Independent
* Matt: "We do not have an 'independent' party in Maine… they are definitely officially unenrolled." `cand_party` IND → UNE everywhere (candidate rows: 354 — 2 before 1940, 62 in 1940–1989, 290 from 1990). The designations "Common Sense Independent" (5, 2016–2024) and "Common Sense" (1, Aaron Rowden 2010 House D84) → UNE too. Labels are kept as printed.
* The two pre-1940 rows: J. Clarence Leckemby, 1936 U.S. House D2 (Clerk volume prints "Independent"), and Benjamin Bubar, 1936 Governor (Dubin prints "I"). **Bubar should be confirmed:** the Bubar family were Prohibition Party figures, so if a source shows him on the Prohibition line in 1936 his code should be PRH, not UNE. Dubin's "I" is the only source on disk.
* The 62 rows of 1940–1989 are all printed "I", "Ind.", "Ind", "Indep." or "Independent" (plus James Longley 1974, from the Legislative Record, who was in neither party's primary). None is a named party. The rows coded IR, ID, OTH ("Independent Conservative") were left as they are.
* Earlier sections of this file that say "coded IND" (§13 Alcorn, Longley, Maynard) now read UNE.

### 14.2 Ties
* Resolved (nominee = the party's candidate on the general-election ballot): 2004-06-08_Primary_State-Senate_D20_REP → Dana Dow (REP in 2004-11-02_General_State-Senate_D20); 1994-06-14_Primary_State-House_D151_REP → Shirlee Connors-Carlson (REP in 1994-11-08_General_State-House_D151).
* Still unresolved: 1988-06-14_Primary_County-Commissioner_SOM_D2_DEM (Mercier / Binette) — no Democrat appears in the November 1988 general (Charles Carpenter, Republican, and "Others"), so the ballot cannot decide it; 1998-11-03_General_County-Finance-Budget-Committee_KNO_D4 and _D8 — general elections in which every name is a one-vote write-in, so there is no later ballot to check.

### 14.3 President 1932–1944 names
* The Clerk of the House volumes print only the party ("for presidential electors"). The names in `candidate_display` are each party's national ticket head that year (Matt approved 2026-10-05): 1932 Hoover, Roosevelt, Norman Thomas (Soc.), Verne Reynolds (Soc. Labor), William Z. Foster (Comm.); 1936 Landon, Roosevelt, William Lemke (Union), Thomas, D. Leigh Colvin (Prohib.), Earl Browder (Comm.), John Aiken (Soc. Labor); 1940 Willkie, Roosevelt, Browder; 1944 Dewey, Roosevelt, Edward Teichert (Soc. Labor). No Prohibition line is printed for Maine in 1932, 1940 or 1944 and no Socialist Labor line in 1940, so Upshaw, Babson and Aiken (1940) are not added.

## 15. v3.7 — two lines of one candidate shown as Fusion (2026-10-05 night)
* Rule (Matt): a person on more than one line in a general election is one Fusion entry (`cand_party = FUS`), votes combined; each row's own line is kept in `party_line`. The 16 cases are listed by `fix_v3.7_fusion.py` when it runs. The Aroostook Thibodeau 1946/1950 columns (§13.1, "probable") are confirmed by Matt as fusion.
* Not treated as a second line: 1948 Sagadahoc Sheriff "Charles W. Messenger (write-in)" (1 vote, a separate write-in line); 1952 Penobscot Senate "Barry" (a column whose party is filled from another sheet; it is the same Democratic line).
* Seat charts count the four 1946–1950 House winners among them (Dufour, Woodbury, Hanson, Ames) as Fusion instead of "party not printed".
* Benjamin Bubar (1936 Governor, Dubin "I") stays Unenrolled (Matt, 2026-10-05).

## 16. v3.8 — town returns from Matt's five canvass books (2026-10-06)

### 16.1 Sources and method
* Five PDFs supplied by Matt on 2026-10-05, kept in `election-results/canvass-1872-1980/sources/` (1872, 1892, 1896) and `election-results/sources-pre1990/1976/19761102/`, `…/1980/19801104/` (1976, 1980). The transcription is in `election-results/canvass-1872-1980/`: `transcription_as_printed.csv` (11,232 written cells with the transcribers' flags), `printed_totals.csv` (every total the books give), `place_crosswalk.csv`, `adjustments.csv`, the per-page notes (`notes/`), the verification reports and `crosscheck_vs_maine_register.csv`. `fix_v3.8_canvass.py` builds the database rows from these files.
* Each page was transcribed from an enlarged image, every column summed against the book's own total, every disagreeing column re-read at full zoom, and the disagreeing cells read a second time by an independent reader. The 1872 and 1892/1896 figures were then compared cell by cell with the Maine Register transcriptions of the same returns (v3.1's unmerged `reg1873_1871_1872.txt`, `reg1893_1892.txt`, `reg1897_1896.txt`).
* Presidential electors: the ticket's town vote is the first elector's figure (1892 the checkmarked elector; 1896 the left-most). The county totals the clerks wrote are first-elector totals too, so the columns reconcile on that basis.

### 16.2 Where the books do not add up (rule 19: town sums used, printed figure in `reconciliation.csv`)
* **Annual Register 1872–73 (Governor 1871, 1872; President 1872).** 26 county columns (of 96) disagree with the printed county total, four of them by exactly 100 (1871 Franklin and Waldo Kimball +100; 1872 Aroostook Kimball −100, Penobscot Kimball +100) and Washington 1872 by +103 / −106 — the pattern a transposed Steuben row (166 Rep / 60 Dem) would produce, though Steuben's other columns say the printed town figures are right. Every cell of every disagreeing column was re-read by a second reader: no transcription error was found; the Register's printed totals (which Dubin reprints) are the figures that are off. Statewide the town sums give Perham 72,022 / Kimball 55,267 (1872; recap 71,903 / 55,343), Perham 58,256 / Kimball 47,702 (1871; recap 58,285 / 47,578), Grant 61,427 / Greeley 29,078 (recap 61,430 / 29,097). The Register's county "Scattering" lines for Governor are loaded as county `others` rows; its town-level scattering footnotes (Biddeford 11, Saco 3 and 1, Sanford 2, Portland 5 and 20, Falmouth 1, Houlton 1 — column not always stated) are in the notes only.
* **1892 abstract.** Kennebec Chase 4,092 vs written 4,094 (clerk's addition). Aroostook Harrison 2,893 vs 2,840 and the state 62,931 vs 62,878: the difference is Blaine (§16.3). Weaver Clark slate 2,044 vs 2,045: Cary (§16.3). With the adjustments the state figures are Harrison 62,931, Cleveland 48,042, Bidwell 3,062, Weaver 2,381 — the official state figures are 62,931 Harrison, 48,044 Cleveland and 5,443 for Bidwell and Weaver together (= 3,062 + 2,381); the 2-vote Cleveland gap is the Kennebec addition.
* **1896 abstract.** Aroostook McKinley: towns 4,816, written 4,869 (the clerk's town-page total 4,164 is 53 more than its column; every cell re-read twice). Franklin Bryan (D) +1, Hancock Bryan (People's) +2, Kennebec Bryan (D) +10, Washington Bryan (D) −10 (Calais 227, the clerk first wrote 237 and corrected the cell but not the total) and Bryan (People's) −1 — all clerk's arithmetic. State: McKinley 80,398 (official 80,403), Bryan 32,201 + 2,387 (official 32,200 + 2,387), Palmer 1,866 (1,867), Levering 1,569 (1,562).
* **1976 canvass.** Every column of every county equals the handwritten county total and the statewide county table except Penobscot Carter (§16.5). The statewide write-in table (pp. 31–32) disagrees with the county sheets for Reagan (38 vs 39) and three Kennebec names; the county sheets are used.
* **1980 canvass.** Every column equals the handwritten county total and the district-page county figure except Penobscot Commoner: towns 399, written 393 (official statewide 4,394; ours 4,400). Old Town 38, Orono 106 and Etna 16 are the re-inked cells; 32, 100 or 10 would each close the gap, but the ink reads as transcribed. Kept as read, flagged `unsure`.

### 16.3 Votes tallied under a misspelt elector (1892)
Where a town returned a slate under a misspelt elector name, the clerk left the slate's first-elector cell blank and tallied the votes in a separate handwritten column headed with the variant name (on the Allen-slate page): Blaine "Thomas Hyde" 53 (Harrison), Marshfield and No. 2 Grand Falls "Charles Chase" 10 each (Cleveland). Cary's first Weaver elector is blank while the other five have 1 and the clerk counted it. These votes are credited to the ticket (`adjustments.csv`), which is what the official state canvass did (Harrison 62,931 = recap 62,878 + 53). Votes for a single elector only (Casco: Haskell 1, Wooster 1; Hope: Bowley 1; Limestone: Madigan missing, Wildes 66; Cyr: Wildes and Penney 8; Nashville: "Harrison & Reid" 1, "Cleveland & Stevenson" 2) are not ticket votes and are noted, not loaded.

### 16.4 Weaver's two slates (1892) and Bryan's two lines (1896)
* 1892: the Clark slate (2,044) and the Allen slate (336) were both pledged to Weaver — the Register's Weaver column and the official figures equal their sum county by county (Knox 394 + 78 = 472). Weaver is one `PEO` candidate; `transcription_as_printed.csv` keeps the slates apart.
* 1896: Bryan is on the Democrat and the People's line; by the v3.7 rule he is one Fusion entry, `cand_party = FUS`, `cand_party_label = "Fusion (Democratic and People's lines)"`, `party_line` DEM / PEO. The site shows him once with 34,588.

### 16.5 Brewer 1976 (Carter 1,649, not 1,694)
Page 19 of the 1976 book is a letter from the Brewer city clerk (July 27, 1977, received by the SOS August 1, 1977): CBS News had found that the SOS had Carter at 1,694 in Brewer while the city's actual total was **1,649**; the amended official return is attached (Bubar 17, Carter 1,649, Ford 2,639, McCarthy 66). The SOS grid, the Penobscot total (24,672) and the statewide table (232,279) were never amended. The amended return is used (Brewer 1,649; Penobscot 24,627; statewide 232,234) and the unamended figures are in `reconciliation.csv`. **Matt can reverse this** by deleting the Brewer line of `adjustments.csv` and re-running the script.

### 16.6 Other calls
* Mercer 1892 Hyde: the ink reads 93 to two readers, but 83 is the only reading under which the page subtotal, the county total, the state recapitulation and the official state figure all add; 83 is used, flagged. Trenton 1980 Reagan 213 (overwritten; 213 makes the county and district figures add). Orient 1980 Clark blank (the "1" is Oakfield's tall figure crossing the rule).
* Places: 1872 "Clinton Gore" (Kennebec; annexed to Clinton 1873) and Washington "No. 7, Range 2" (listed beside Codyville plantation) are new historical units MPD-1033 and MPD-1034. "Rangeley" printed twice on the 1896 Franklin page: the second, under PLANTATIONS, is Rangeley Plt. Struck-through rows, "Not signed" / "No election" / "Did not vote" towns (1892 Dallas Plt, Waterford, St. John, No. 1 N.D., No. 18) are left out.
* The 1892 and 1896 Register volumes stay unmerged (FLAGS §9); their President tables are now superseded by the abstracts, which are the primary record.
* 1976 write-in names are as written on the county sheets ("Thurlow & Gagnon", "Nixon", "Udall"); obvious variants of one person share a `person_id` (MacBride/McBride, Longley, McCormack, Humphrey, Udall, Margaret Chase Smith, Jerry/Edmund G. Brown, Tom/Thomas Anderson); "Maurice Udall" is displayed as Morris Udall.

## 17. v3.9 — eleven more books: U.S. House 1870–1958, U.S. Senate 1930–1958, State Auditor 1930, Governor 1873–74 and 1898 (2026-10-06)

### 17.1 Sources and method
* Matt's links of 2026-10-06, downloaded by him into `canvass-1872-1980/inbox/`: digitalmaine.com SOS tabulation books (1870, 1892, 1902, 1904 Representatives to Congress; 1930 U.S. Senator, State Auditor and Representatives; 1934 U.S. Senators and Representatives; 1938 Representatives; 1958 U.S. Senator and Representatives), the Law Library's *Annual Register of Maine 1872–73* and *1875* (PD1872-73_01.pdf, PD1875v1_01.pdf) and the Google Books *Maine Register 1899–1900*. Kept at the paths in `source_files.csv`; the 70 MB 1899 Register PDF stays in `inbox/1898.pdf` until Matt moves it to `canvass-1872-1980/sources/Maine_Register_1899_GoogleBooks.pdf` (PENDING-WORK). The 1896 U.S. House link duplicated 1902's, so 1896 Congress is still only in the unmerged Register text.
* The transcription package is `canvass-1872-1980/v39/`: `transcription_as_printed_v39.csv` (21,800 written cells with page, column head and the transcribers' flags), `printed_totals_v39.csv`, `place_crosswalk_v39.csv`, `candidates_v39.csv` (column → person, party, printed label), `adjustments_v39.csv`, `new_units_v39.csv`, `crosscheck_vs_maine_register_v39.csv`, `recount_1934_town_differences.csv`, the page maps and notes (`notes/`), and the guides. `fix_v3.9_canvass2.py` builds the database rows from it.
* Method as in §16: enlarged strips, every column summed against the book's own totals, disagreeing columns re-read; then a cell-by-cell comparison with the unmerged Register transcriptions (`reg1875_1873_1874`, `reg1893_1892`, `reg1899_1898`, `reg1905_1902`). The books' own totals are the arbiter where the two readings differ.

### 17.2 Where the books do not add up (rule 19)
* **1870 SOS book**: no county headings, no whole-number columns, no county or district totals; only three page sums in District 3 (p. 7: Blaine 5,437 / Farley 4,274 vs sums 5,457 / 4,239 — every cell re-read, Damariscotta Farley 107 or 167; p. 8 exact; p. 9 the clerk omitted Matinicus Isle). District sums (Lynch 12,595 / Haines 11,124; Frye 10,303 / Black 7,992; Blaine 11,790 / Farley 9,406; Peters 9,835 / Emery 7,463; Hale 9,927 / Carleton 8,824) are close to the published results (Wikipedia's percentages agree within a few tenths). The unheaded third column holds scattering (13 places). 18 `unsure` cells, 50 handwritten places (p. 14 alone adds 20 Aroostook/Penobscot places).
* **1872 and 1874 Registers (Congress)**: district totals only. 1872: D1 exact; D2 Frye −10, Garcelon −93; D3 Lang +50 (Nobleborough 199, 149 would reconcile — flagged); D4 Hersey −10; D5 Pike +382 (printed 10,918 — a misprint; the sum 11,300 matches the Register's other figures). 1874: D1, D2 exact; D3 Blaine −30, O'Brien −1; D4 Hersey −10; D5 Spofford −110 (four Spofford cells printed "00" — Searsport, Stockton, Trenton, Unity — recorded as blanks). Scattering is printed as a district footnote (1872: 93, 1, 2 … by mark; 1874: 10, 156, 47, 43, 309) and is in `reconciliation.csv`, not as rows.
* **Governor 1873 and 1874 (Register 1875)**: 42 and 23 county/recapitulation columns differ, several by exactly 100 (Piscataquis 1873 Dingley 1,318 vs 1,218 — Parkman 181 is probably 81, flagged; Waldo 1874 Dingley +100 / Titcomb −100). State: 1873 Dingley 45,333 (printed 45,239; Dubin 45,244), Titcomb 32,947 (32,924), Williams 2,105 (2,132); 1874 Dingley 50,986 (50,865), Titcomb 41,798 (41,898). The 1873 footnote "*2093 of these votes cast for Nelson Dingley, were undoubtedly intended for Nelson Dingley, jr." is recorded in the notes; the Dingley column is loaded as one candidate.
* **Governor and Congress 1898 (Register 1899)**: Androscoggin Lord printed 1,438 for 2,438 (towns and the Lewiston figure make it 2,438); Cumberland Lord +55, McKinney −30; Kennebec Lord +59, Ladd +25, Pillsbury −37 (the Kennebec totals are unreliable); Oxford Dingley −100; Penobscot Chase +80; Washington Powers +50 and Boutelle +50; York Moulton recapitulation 87 vs 37. State: Powers 53,964 (recap 54,098; Dubin 53,900), Lord 29,604 (28,485 — the Androscoggin misprint carried through), Ladd 2,351, Gerry 649, Lermond 317 (footnote 312). The Governor scattering footnotes (Cumberland 7, Sagadahoc 2, Waldo 1, Washington 38 = 48) are county `others` rows. Deer Isle Plaisted 96 (Governor Lord 86; the HathiTrust copy was read 86) kept as printed, flagged.
* **1892 SOS book**: exact for 13 of 16 counties; Aroostook Boutelle +10 and Hersey +15, Penobscot Hersey +30 (Hampden 44) and Chapman −10, Washington Boutelle +10 (Cherryfield 280); Sagadahoc McGillicuddy 1,216 vs 1,236 (the duplicate sheet's total, used in the district line). 8 `unsure` cells.
* **1902 SOS book**: exact except Somerset Manter +10 (Brighton 7 + Mayfield 8 clearly written, clerk's subtotal 5), Aroostook Powers 4,912 vs the bracketed "as corrected" 4,921 (the clerk retotalled without updating the page lines), and York Gordon, where the clerk's own figures disagree (3,875 on the county page, overwritten from 2,875; 2,875 on the summary and district lines — the towns sum to 3,875, so the district total here is 11,097, not the book's 10,097). Cumberland Allen: as first read the column was +58; the Register prints Yarmouth 206 and Raymond 59, which reconcile the column exactly — used (`adjustments_v39.csv`), and Bridgton 334 stands.
* **1904 SOS book**: exact except Cumberland Allen 10,673 vs the clerk's 10,663 (his district 18,301 and state 32,004 totals require 10,673), York Moore +9, Oxford Foss +6, Washington Cushing page total 57 vs 51; the clerk's recapitulation copies Waldo Benson 2,152 as 2,102 and omits Somerset Vittum 10 and Washington Cushing 57, so his District 3 and 4 totals are 50 and 51 low. A handwritten "Hill" row on p. 16 (Powers 19 / Stowe 11; Castle Hill is listed separately as a town on p. 15) is Hill Plantation, the Register's historical Aroostook unit MPD-0974 — loaded, flagged `added_row;unsure`.
* **1930**: every column of every county exact except Hancock Auditor Hanson 1,338 vs 1,337. State: White 88,262 / Haskell 56,559 / scattering 2; Hayford 84,216 / Hanson 55,098; CD1 23,434 / 14,741; CD2 24,330 / 18,943 / 10; CD3 25,109 / 13,948; CD4 15,199 / 7,839 / 1. Stetson's figures are the clerk's corrections over erased figures ("Clerk's Ret.", flagged `footnote`); Livermore Falls is a clerk-added line.
* **1934**: 136 of 136 column totals exact (recount Senate, original Senate, House, summaries). House: Beedy 46,635 / Hamlin 48,235; Dwinal 46,200 / Moran 52,491; Brewster 44,024 / Utterback 41,710. Weston returned no House vote (footnote). 27 hand-corrected recount cells flagged `unsure`.
* **1938**: all exact except Somerset Smith 8,166 vs 8,156 (the book carries 8,156 into the district total 55,718, so ours is 55,728). Mayfield (Somerset) and Edmunds (Washington) struck with no figures.
* **1958**: every column exact. Oakland's hand corrections (Muskie 367→505, Coffin 230→502, "Correction for error in Oakland Clerk's return C.O.#1405", carried into the summary pages) are used, flagged `footnote`. State: Payne 111,522 / Muskie 172,842 / scattering 7; CD1 Hale 51,231 / Oliver 55,686; CD2 Bishop 37,219 / Coffin 59,054; CD3 McIntire 40,156 / Grady 31,616.

### 17.3 Decisions
* **1934 U.S. Senate uses the recount** (Matt's standing rule: recount figures where printed). Hale and Dubord by town from pp. 5–24; Hans Nelson and the scattering from the original pp. 25–43; the original Hale/Dubord county sums in `reconciliation.csv`, the 623 town differences in `v39/recount_1934_town_differences.csv`.
* **Parties**: printed labels where printed; otherwise the nominee's party from the official record (`cand_party` set, `cand_party_label` empty, source_note says so); persons who merely received votes have no party. 1892: Sanford = Union Labor (UL), Lermond = People's (PEO), Leavitt = Independent Democrat (ID), per the Register; 1902: Irish, Martin, Manter, Saunders = Socialist (SOC), Merritt = Prohibition; 1904: Waterman and Townsend = Socialist, Cushing = Prohibition (official record); 1870 Haynes = William P. Haines (DEM), the book's spelling kept in `candidate_as_printed`.
* **Same person, different `person_id` in older rows (not changed in v3.9, for a later clean-up)**: Governor 1873/74 keep Dubin's `dingley-nelson` while the Congress rows use `dingley-nelson-jr` (same man); 1868's bare-surname ids (`farley`, `garcelon`, `o-brien`) vs 1870–74's `farley-e-wilder`, `garcelon-alonzo`, `o-brien-edward`; v3.1's `lermond-nathaniel` (1900 Socialist) is Norman W. Lermond, here `lermond-norman`.
* **Register-era contests (1872, 1874, 1873–74 Governor, 1898) get county rows but no state row**, like their v3.1 neighbours; the SOS-book contests get county rows and a contest-total row (`row_type = state`; for a U.S. House contest it is the district total), like 1976/1980.
* **1902 Eagle Lake Plt** (29 Powers / 45 White, "Election officers not returned; only clerk's", outside the clerk's totals) is loaded as a town row flagged `footnote;unsure`, so the Aroostook sums here exceed the book's by those figures.
* **1958 Indian Island Voting District** folded into Old Town (sum of the two lines, noted in `source_note`).


## 18. v3.10 — 45 tabulation books from the Maine State Archives (2026-10-07)

### 18.1 Sources and method
The Secretary of State's tabulation books in the Maine State Archives' digital archive (collection *Tabulations for Elections*): Governor 1930–1966, President 1932–1968, U.S. Senate 1936–1970, U.S. House 1896 and 1932–1966 (list with archive item numbers in `canvass-1872-1980/v310/books.csv`). Transcribed page by page; every county column checked against the book's county total, summary pages and the state/district total, and against the database's earlier figures (`reconciliation.csv`). Per-book page maps, notes and every unsure cell with its alternative: `canvass-1872-1980/wip_v310_transcriptions.zip`. Decisions: `v310/DECISIONS.md`.

### 18.2 Where the books do not add up (rule 19; town sums used)
1932 Governor scattering; 1936 Aroostook Bubar +2; 1940 Cumberland Oliver +14; 1940 President Penobscot Roosevelt (county page 14,957, towns and summaries 14,757); 1942 Oxford Lane +20; 1942 Senate Aroostook Redman +10, Washington White −5 and Fellows −5; 1944 Knox Hildreth −5; 1944 House Aroostook Graham +10 (Fort Fairfield 133, could be 123); 1946 Piscataquis MacDonald +1; 1948 House Hancock Fellows +100, Somerset Arena +10; 1948 Senate Androscoggin Smith +40, Kennebec Smith −20, Penobscot Scolten −20; 1948 President Lincoln Thomas +1, Waldo Truman −1; 1950 Penobscot Grant −10; 1950 House Washington Fellows +16; 1952 Aroostook Sharpe +10; 1952 President Kennebec Eisenhower +10; 1954 Washington Smith −8; 1956 President Cumberland Eisenhower +110; 1960 Cumberland Smith −2; 1964 President Goldwater Hancock −6, Kennebec +10, York +10; 1896 House: about a dozen footing errors (York Staples −10, Washington Chase +93 — the Kossuth line is struck on one page and repeated on the next; only one copy is loaded). These were screened against each town's vote in another race on the same ballot; only Norway 1950 (18.3) showed a misformed digit.

### 18.3 Decisions
* Corrected cells: 1936 Caswell Roosevelt 57 (not 37); 1950 Norway Cormier 312 (not 812). Official corrections written into the books are used (1934 Auburn, 1958 Oakland, 1960 Bradford per S.P. 589, 1962 Windham/Norway/Eliot).
* Dubin misprints shown by the books (his county figures do not add to his own state totals; the books' summaries agree with the town sums): 1932 Washington Maxfield 32 (44), 1936 Penobscot Barrows 19,634 (19,834), 1936 state Dubord 130,486 (130,466), 1938 Washington Brann 7,399 (7,390), 1940 Washington Redman 5,290 (5,240), 1942 Cumberland Sewall 20,067 (20,087), 1944 Aroostook Hildreth 9,182 (9,192).
* 1940 Cumberland, Gray: President 3 R / 6 D as written (probably an incomplete return; flagged).
* Unsure cells (about 70) are flagged in `source_note` ("transcriber flag: unsure") with alternatives in the per-book notes; in nearly every case the reading chosen is the one the printed total supports.
* 1896 Congress parties come from the Maine Register 1897–98 column heads (the book prints names only).

## 19. v3.11 — the rest of the Maine State Archives' tabulation books (2026-10-09)

### 19.1 Sources and method
29 books (37 transcription sections: the bound 1831–1840 Governor abstract, item 397270, was transcribed one election at a time; item 397279 is the same scan catalogued twice) from digitalarchives.maine.gov, collection *Tabulations for Elections*. Same method as v3.10 (§18): page maps, enlarged crops, every column summed against the book's own totals and compared with the figures the database held before. Package `canvass-1872-1980/v311/` (`collect311.py` → `match311.py` → `fix_v3.11_archives.py`; `cells.csv`, `totals_raw.csv`, `place_crosswalk.csv`, `hand_places.csv`, `new_units.csv`, `places_review.md`, `hand_candidates.csv`, `alias.json`, `books.csv`, `DECISIONS.md`); per-book notes in `wip_v311_transcriptions.zip`.

### 19.2 Where the books do not add up (rule 19: town sums used; printed figure in `reconciliation.csv`)
Clerk's county totals that differ from the sum of his own town figures (town sum minus printed total, by county and candidate; every cell in these columns was re-read at high zoom):
- 1832 Governor: Cumberland Goodenow +40; Hancock Smith -7; Lincoln Carleton -2; Lincoln Scattering -1; Oxford Goodenow -96; Oxford Smith -87; Penobscot Carleton -1; Penobscot Scattering -1; Somerset Smith -10; Waldo Goodenow -10; Waldo Smith -100; Washington Smith -10
- 1833 Governor: Cumberland Goodenow -8; Cumberland Smith -3; Kennebec Dunlap +1; Lincoln Goodenow -20; Oxford Goodenow +10; Penobscot Dunlap +10; Somerset Dunlap +60; Somerset Goodenow +96; Somerset Hill -13; Waldo Goodenow +54; Waldo Hill -54; Washington Dunlap -60
- 1834 Governor: Cumberland Scattering +5; Cumberland Sprague +1; Cumberland Sprague +118; Kennebec Scattering +1; Lincoln Hill +8; Lincoln Scattering +4; Oxford Dunlap +9; Oxford Hill -33; Oxford Sprague -5; Somerset Sprague +60
- 1835 Governor: Cumberland Scattering +6; Cumberland Scattering -44; Hancock Scattering +8; Hancock Scattering -17; Kennebec Scattering +13; Kennebec Scattering -72; Lincoln Evans -19; Lincoln King -1; Lincoln Scattering +34; Lincoln Scattering -158; Oxford King +1; Oxford Scattering -16; Penobscot Scattering -17; Somerset Scattering -82; Waldo Scattering -69; Washington Scattering -1; York Dunlap +1; York Scattering +4; York Scattering -3
- 1836 Governor: Cumberland Scattering +13; Kennebec Scattering +5; Lincoln Scattering +15; Waldo Scattering +9; York Scattering +3
- 1837 Governor: Cumberland Scattering +11; Lincoln Kent +6; Lincoln Scattering +5; Oxford Scattering +3; Penobscot Scattering +7; Somerset Scattering +3; Waldo Scattering +5
- 1838 Governor: Cumberland Scattering +7; Hancock Fairfield +50; Kennebec Fairfield +1; Kennebec Scattering +4; Oxford Smith +3; Penobscot Fairfield +34; Penobscot Kent +9; Penobscot Smith +4; Somerset Fairfield +50; Waldo Fairfield +50; Waldo Scattering +2; Washington Scattering +2
- 1839 Governor: Cumberland Scattering +5; Cumberland Scattering -21; Franklin Scattering -28; Hancock Kent +5; Hancock Scattering -9; Lincoln Fairfield +10; Lincoln Scattering -1; Oxford Fairfield +47; Oxford Kent +11; Oxford Scattering -58; Penobscot Kent +1; Penobscot Scattering -30; Piscataquis Scattering -4; Waldo Fairfield -20; Waldo Kent +9; Washington Scattering -5; York Scattering +1
- 1870 Governor: Franklin Roberts -10; Hancock Perham +60; Hancock Roberts -12; Kennebec Perham +49; Kennebec Roberts +5; Knox Roberts +99; Lincoln Roberts -3; Oxford Perham -25; Penobscot Perham +1; Penobscot Roberts +980; Piscataquis Perham +10; Sagadahoc Roberts -200; Somerset Perham +10; Somerset Roberts -2; York Perham +12; York Roberts -13; York Roberts -15
- 1875 Governor: Androscoggin Connor +20; Cumberland Scattering +4; Hancock Scattering +1; Kennebec Connor -30; Kennebec Jr. +2; Kennebec Roberts +30; Oxford Scattering +1; Penobscot Roberts +2; Penobscot Scattering +1; Waldo Connor -30; Washington Connor -2; Washington Roberts +2; Washington Roberts +3275; York Connor +10
- 1892 Governor: Aroostook Cleaves +78; Aroostook Hussey +1; Aroostook Johnson +6; Cumberland Bateman +5; Hancock Cleaves +11; Hancock Johnson +53; Kennebec Scattering -6; Knox Cleaves +107; Knox Hussey +1; Knox Johnson +109; Lincoln Cleaves -21; Lincoln Johnson +1; Piscataquis Cleaves +5; Piscataquis Johnson -1; Sagadahoc Hussey -20; Somerset Hussey +10
- 1896 Governor: Aroostook Powers +10; Cumberland Frank +50; Kennebec Powers -1; Lincoln Frank -20; Lincoln Powers -86; Oxford Powers +30; Penobscot Ladd -40; Penobscot Scattering +2; Piscataquis Frank +30; Piscataquis Powers -6; Somerset Bateman -2; Somerset Frank +20; Somerset Powers -10; Waldo Frank +9; Waldo Ladd +3; Waldo Powers +1
- 1902 Governor: Aroostook Hill -10; Aroostook Perrigo -2; Franklin Hill +10; Hancock Fox +2; Lincoln Hill +153; Oxford Hill -20; Penobscot Gould -19; Penobscot Hill +33; Penobscot Perrigo +1; Sagadahoc Gould +10; Sagadahoc Hill -460; Somerset Hill +300; Waldo Hill -58; York Gould +98
- 1904 Governor: Androscoggin Scattering +2; Aroostook Cobb +58; Aroostook Davis -7; Aroostook Woodbury -11; Cumberland Cobb +50; Cumberland Scattering +1; Hancock Davis -50; Lincoln Woodbury +2; Oxford Davis +5; Penobscot Scattering +3; Somerset Cobb +227; Somerset Hapgood +14; Somerset Woodbury +16; York Cobb +1000
- 1908 State-Auditor: Cumberland Hatch +3; Cumberland Perrigo +1; Lincoln Hatch -20; Oxford Morrow +80
- 1910 State-Auditor: Cumberland Hatch -5; Knox Scattering +1; Sagadahoc Scattering +1; Washington Bramhall -1
- 1914 State-Auditor: Aroostook Callahan +91; Aroostook Goodrich +12; Aroostook Sullivan +33; Knox Callahan +5; Knox Goodrich +2; Knox Sullivan +6; Waldo Enemark -6; Washington Callahan +220; Washington Sullivan +12
- 1920 State-Auditor: Oxford Wardwell +5
- 1922 State-Auditor: Aroostook Hayford -20; Aroostook Madden -11; Oxford Madden -10; Somerset Madden -1; Washington Hayford +1
- 1924 State-Auditor: Franklin Hodgkins -1; Hancock Hayford -10; Hancock Hodgkins -10; York Hodgkins -9
- 1956 US-House D2: Franklin Reid +59; Kennebec Coffin -1; Somerset Coffin +10
- 1956 US-House D3: Hancock McIntire +59; Piscataquis McIntire +70
- 1972 President: Aroostook Scattering +9; Cumberland Schmitz +12; Cumberland Schmitz +9; Franklin Scattering +3; Franklin Schmitz +1; Hancock Schmitz +4; Kennebec Scattering +2; Kennebec Schmitz +23; Kennebec Schmitz +7; Lincoln Muskie -1; Lincoln Scattering +2; Oxford Scattering +6; Oxford Schmitz +1; Oxford Schmitz +18; Oxford Wallace +14; Penobscot Muskie -1; Penobscot Scattering +3; Penobscot Schmitz +1; Somerset Schmitz +1; Washington Scattering +1; York Scattering +4; York Wallace +1; York Wallace +4
- 1972 US-House D1: Cumberland Scattering +1
- 1972 US-Senate: York Scattering +1
- 1974 Governor: Androscoggin Scattering +3; Cumberland Scattering +5; Hancock Scattering +2; Kennebec Mitchell +1; Kennebec Scattering +2; Knox Scattering +1; Lincoln Longley -20; Sagadahoc Scattering +1; Somerset Scattering +1; Waldo Scattering +1; Washington Scattering +1; York Scattering +3
- 1974 US-House D1: Cumberland Scattering +6; Kennebec Scattering +2; Lincoln Scattering +1; York Scattering +2
- 1974 US-House D2: Androscoggin Scattering +1; Hancock Scattering +2; Penobscot Cohen +10; Somerset Scattering +1; Washington Scattering +1
- 1976 US-House D1: Cumberland Scattering +1; Kennebec Scattering +2; Waldo Scattering +1; York Scattering +7
- 1976 US-House D2: Aroostook Scattering +5; Hancock Cohen +6; Hancock Scattering +2; Oxford Scattering +6; Penobscot Scattering +2; Somerset Scattering +2
- 1976 US-Senate: Androscoggin Scattering +3; Aroostook Scattering +3; Cumberland Monks +60; Cumberland Scattering +4; Kennebec Muskie +1; Kennebec Scattering +18; Knox Scattering +5; Oxford Scattering +1; Penobscot Monks +6; Penobscot Scattering +2; Somerset Monks +60; York Scattering +4
- 1984 President: Androscoggin Reagan -1; Aroostook Mondale -5
- 1984 US-House D1: Lincoln Hobbins +5
- 1984 US-Senate: Kennebec Cohen +6; Somerset Stoddard +1

Notes on the larger ones: 1832 Oxford and Waldo and 1833 Somerset — the comparative table at the front of the 1831–1840 abstract has the same town figures, so the clerk's totals are wrong; 1838 Hancock, Somerset and Waldo Fairfield each exactly +50 (no misreading found); 1870 Penobscot Roberts +980 (Bangor 1,675 is clear, the clerk added 675), Knox +99 and Sagadahoc −200 (our sums equal Dubin); 1902 Sagadahoc Hill −460 and Somerset +300 (the clerk's sheet totals are mis-added; Dubin agrees with the town sums for Sagadahoc); 1904 York Cobb +1,000 (the ink total 6,638 is corrected in pencil to 7,638 = the town sum); 1904 Aroostook (blurred scan; the clerk's own subtotals disagree — lowest-confidence county of the batch); 1914 Washington Auditor (the clerk's total line is marked "without Centerville, Codyville Pl." and corrected by +200). Single doubtful cells that would close a gap exactly are flagged `unsure` in the transcription and listed in the book notes (e.g. 1974 Boothbay Harbor Longley 362/382, 1976 New Gloucester and Jackman Monks 567/507 and 263/203, 1984 Monhegan Hobbins 36/31, Gardiner Cohen 2206/2200, Caribou Mondale 1182/1187).

### 19.3 Decisions
- **Rejected returns** the clerk deducted from his totals are not loaded (listed in the README); 1835's deductions also explain that year's "Scattering" differences (the clerk's scattering totals include write-ins of the rejected towns and a fly-leaf not in the scans).
- **Write-in threshold:** named columns with ≥ 10 votes in the contest are candidates (`writein = True`); smaller ones are Scattering (`collect311.py` `WRITEIN_MIN`). A few names a surname match would have merged with a ballot candidate are Scattering instead (1837 Robert Kent, 1838 Jona. Fairfield, 1839 James Smith, 1972 "Ed Kennedy – Ed Muskie").
- **Misspelt candidate heads counted for the candidate** (`v311/alias.json`): 1834 Dunlak/Sprage/Spage, 1838–39 Cent and Seifield, 1875 Robberts, Comer, Corner; 1972 Schmitz spellings and the Schmitz–Anderson ticket columns are one write-in, John Schmitz.
- **1875:** item 334808 (Governor only, 21 pp., every county with figures) is used; item 407404 (Governor, Senators and County Officers, with a summary page Connor 56,965 / Roberts 53,213) omits figures for several towns and is not loaded (its 4th-district Congress special is not loaded either). Dubin's 1875 Penobscot (7,291 / 6,532) matches neither book (ledger 7,092 / 6,226); our state figures are Connor 57,521 + 30 (Comer/Corner) and Roberts 53,530.
- **1870:** a pencil-headed "Scattering" column on the Penobscot second sheet (275 votes in six towns whose Roberts cells are empty) is loaded as Scattering, as the clerk totalled it; the transcriber thinks they are Roberts votes written one column left (Penobscot Roberts would be 5,502 against Dubin's 5,513). Unheaded small figures between the Roberts and 1871 columns are 1870 scattering (Cumberland's add to the clerk's written 9).
- **1952 Governor:** item 335364 is catalogued without a date; the cover reads "State Election 1952 / Official Tabulation / Governor".
- **State Auditor parties** from the Law Library's list of Auditors (secondary; winners only — see README). The 1914 Progressive and Socialist/Prohibition candidates (Goodrich, Enemark, Lane) and the 1908–1910 minor candidates have no party in the book.
- **Places:** 46 new historical units MPD-1036–1081 (14 identified, 32 `historical_unidentified`); uncertain identifications are marked UNCERTAIN in `v311/hand_places.csv` and `places_review.md` (Prescott → Trescott, Mariaville South / No. 14 → Waltham, No. 4 East Penobscot River → Passadumkeag, No. 6 → Carroll Plt, East Cold Stream → Lowell, Boydstown → Orneville Twp — in 1833 the book lists Milton and Boydstown both, so Orneville's 1833 figure is their sum).

## 20. v3.12 — fixes from the October 14 data audit (2026-10-14)

Script `election-results/fix_v3.12.py` (with `fix_v312_people.py`), re-runnable on a v3.11 unzip; `verify_v3.12.py` compares the two versions. Every rule and the number of rows it touched are in `v312_changes.csv`. No figure was typed in by hand: each change below moves existing rows, removes a duplicate copy, or swaps two lines where the source sheet itself proves the swap.

### 20.1 Wrong winner or wrong names on the figures
- **1844 Governor (H-01, P-1).** The two main candidates' names sat on each other's figures in every county row and the state row. Hugh Anderson (Democrat, the incumbent) had **48,942** and won with a majority; Edward Robinson (Whig) had 38,501. Fixed on all 28 rows; `winners` = Hugh Anderson. The as-printed Dubin file (`dubin-governor/dubin_governor_county_as_printed.csv`) is unchanged; the scan of Dubin p. 91 would show whether the book or the transcription swapped the headings.
- **1852 Governor (P-2).** No one had the majority then required, and the Legislature chose **William Crosby** (Whig), who took office in January 1853. `winners` was John Hubbard; now William Crosby. (The sentence in §12 is corrected.)

### 20.2 Votes filed under the wrong place, contest or district
- **2018 Penobscot County Treasurer, Old Town and Argyle Twp (RM-01).** The SOS sheet (E256) prints Old Town's figures (3,201 ballots) on the Argyle Twp line and Argyle's (68) on the Old Town line; every other 2018 contest has Old Town about 3,200 and Argyle 68. The two lines' figures are swapped back; the county total is unchanged.
- **2018 Milford Democratic primary (GC-1).** The SOS files (E207, E211) print Milford inside the House District 121 and Senate District 5 blocks, under Terri Casavant's and James Dill's columns, but with a wrong district number (137 and 8) in the first column. Milford's rows move to HD 121 DEM (now 434 votes; Casavant 350) and SD 5 DEM (now 3,054; Dill 2,668). HD 137 and SD 8 lose their phantom second candidate.
- **2018 Portland, Democratic primary for Governor (GC-3).** The cast-vote-record export listed "Portland W1 P2" (639 ballots) on its own line, which had become a separate place. Its votes are added to Portland (Portland's total is now 11,516, against 11,531 in the same day's CD 1 Democratic primary); the separate unit MPD-0807 is retired. The statewide figures are unchanged.
- **Washington Twp (Franklin County) filed under the town of Washington (Knox) (RM-06, S2).** 2018 CD 2 general (Golden 4, Poliquin 9), 2018 Democratic primaries for Governor and CD 2, and a 0-vote 2004 line now sit under Washington Twp, MPD-0632, which is renamed "Washington Twp" (it was shown only as "Washington"). The three crosswalk lines are corrected. Washington (Knox) is no longer in both congressional districts.
- **2012 "COOPER TWP" (RM-06)** is the townships voting in Cooper (the June 2012 file prints "COOPER TWPS"), not the town of Cooper, which has its own line the same day. Its 2012 rows (6 contests) move to MPD-0710 "Townships voting in Cooper".
- **1872 and 1874 U.S. House: town-name look-alikes (H-03).** The Register lists towns by district without counties, and five small lines were tied to a same-named place in another district. Re-keyed: Webster (District 2) → Webster, Androscoggin County (now Sabattus); Dayton (1872 District 1) → Dayton, York County; Franklin (District 2) → Franklin Plt, Oxford County; Washington (District 2) → Washington Plt, Franklin County; Unity (District 3) → Unity Plt, Kennebec County. The county rows of these five contests are recomputed as the sums of their town rows (as built in v3.9); 18 county rows that held only a look-alike line (for example "Aroostook County" in District 1) are gone. District totals are unchanged. (The v3.9 place crosswalk, `canvass-1872-1980/v39/place_crosswalk_v39.csv`, lists both candidate places for each of these labels; the wrong one had been chosen.) **Not changed:** 1868 District 3 "South Thomaston" (8 / 16), also listed in District 5 (146 / 129). It is printed among the Knox towns of District 3 and no other identification is certain; it needs a look at the Year-Book page.
- **1984 Waldo County lines stored as county rows (H-06).** In the four June 1984 U.S. House primaries and the Second District presidential sheet, the canvass prints Waldo County town by town. Those lines had been stored as county rows with no place, and the lines for the *towns* of Knox and Waldo had been read as Knox County and Waldo County. In the four primaries the Waldo lines are now town rows (13 towns per district), with a "Waldo (part of)" county row equal to their sum; the district totals are unchanged. In `1984-11-06_General_President_D2` (a county-only second view of the presidential vote) the lines become one "Waldo (part of)" row, so no town page shows that race twice. The 1986 "Waldo (part of)" rows now carry the county code WAL.
- **2024 referendum lines that include townships (R6, RM-15).** The SOS referendum file reports 24 small towns together with townships that the same day's candidate files list separately (referendum ballots 1.5% to 420% above the town's own presidential ballots; for example "WEBSTER PLT/KINGMAN TWP/PRENTISS TWP" 223 ballots against Webster Plt's 43). These lines are now combined units, MPD-1101 to MPD-1124 (`units_election_additions.csv`), so the host towns' pages no longer show referendum turnout of up to five times their registration. Lines where the candidate files reported the same combination (Caribou/Connor, Wilton/townships and 40 others) stay with the host town, as before.
- **Duplicate ids of one place (RM-07, GC-6).** Merged: Orneville (MPD-0661 → MPD-0363), T3 ND (MPD-0663 → MPD-0177), T11 R4 WELS (MPD-0608 → MPD-0521), TD R2 WELS (MPD-0617 → MPD-0527), T1 R8 WELS (MPD-0808 → MPD-0662), T17 R3 WELS (MPD-0614 "Van Buren Cove" → MPD-0613), Haskell's Plantation (MPD-1066, 1067, 1068 → MPD-1065), Washington "No. 25" (MPD-1073 → MPD-1075), Oxford "No. 8" (MPD-1078 → MPD-1079), Oxford "No. 2" / "Number two" (MPD-1056 → MPD-1055), and the Somerset bracketed pair "No. 3, 4th Range & No. 9, 9th Range" (MPD-1069 → MPD-1071). The retired ids stay in `units_election_additions.csv` with "merged into". **Not merged:** Penobscot "No. 2" 1831 (MPD-1058). In 1832 the book has both "No 2" (MPD-1057) and "Township No 2" (MPD-1062), so it is not certain which of them is the 1831 place. Also not merged: "Holmes & Andover North Surplus" (1834) and "Homes & Andover West Surplus" (1836), which name different surpluses.
- **Counties for units that had none (GC-4):** Berry Twp, Marion Twp, T27 ED BPP (Washington); Chesuncook Twp, Piscataquis Townships (Piscataquis); Grindstone Twp, Long A Twp, Penobscot Townships, T3 Indian Purchase Twp, T5 R7 WELS (Penobscot); T9 SD (Hancock); T11 R14 WELS (Aroostook). The county is now also on their results rows.

### 20.3 Contests that were not what they said
- **June 14, 2022 State Senate District 7 (RM-04, GC-2, CF-3)** was the special general election for the old (2013-plan) District 7 (Grohoski D 6,506, Langley R 3,635, Meiklejohn G 115), not a primary. It is now `2022-06-14_Special-Election_State-Senate_D7`, election type "Special Election", winner basis plurality ("derived from the votes"), like the other legislative specials. This is why ten Hancock towns that are in SD 6 under the 2021 plan appear in an SD 7 race that June.
- **2011 Somerset "County Question" (RM-03).** The file E031 is a second copy of E033 (the two Somerset commissioner specials). Its 71 rows and the contest `2011-11-08_Referendum_Referendum_SOM` are removed; the commissioner contests are unchanged.
- **2014 June "Total Ballots Cast" (RM-05).** The SOS "total ballots cast" files for the June 2014 primaries (E118, E120) are copies of the Governor primary files (Michaud and LePage rows), not turnout lines. Both pseudo-contests are removed. A real 2014 primary turnout series is a hole (the SOS's turnout report would fill it).
- **Register of Deeds, Aroostook and Oxford (W9).** The registries elect separately. Eight county contests that mixed two registries are split into one contest per registry (Northern/Southern, Eastern/Western), using each town's registry and each candidate's: 1998 general (both counties), 2010 Democratic primary (Aroostook), 2010 Republican primary (Oxford), 2014 general (both counties), 2018 and 2022 general (Aroostook). The SOS printed the UOCAVA blank figure once for the whole county race (2 to 24 votes); it cannot be divided and is kept, with a note, in the contest of the larger registry. **Not split:** Oxford from the 2018 primaries on. The same candidates get votes in both former registries, so the county appears to have one registry from then on. The single-registry contests (for example the 2012 and 2016 Aroostook generals, Southern Registry only) keep their county ids; the towns in them show which registry it was.

### 20.4 Names and person ids
- **Different people merged under one `person_id` (RM-02, H-07).** Split where the evidence is clear: either a different middle initial and hometowns that never overlap (108 ids, 1869–2026, for example Ronald B. Russell of Verona Island (D) and Ronald C. Russell of Kennebunkport (R), John P. Simpson (D) and John I. Simpson (R), Michael H. Michaud and Michael R. Michaud of Augusta, Carl B. Smith (D, Island Falls) and Carl W. Smith (R, Mars Hill), both elected in 1980), or careers 55 or more years apart, or 30 or more years apart with different middle initials (34 more splits, for example Governor John Hubbard and the 1956 legislator John A. Hubbard; Benjamin Butler 1884 and Benjamin Butler of Farmington 1944–56; President William McKinley and the 1960 County Attorney). The person who keeps the old id is the one with the higher office (President, Governor, Congress), then the one with more contests. The other gets the old id plus the initial (`russell-ronald-c`) or the first year (`hubbard-john-1956`). Every change is in `person_id_changes_v3.12.csv`. **Borderline cases for Matt** (gap of 30 years or more, but no conflicting initial) are in `person_id_borderline_v3.12.csv` (53 ids). Among them: `peters-john` (1868–70 "Peters", 1914–20 John A. Peters of Ellsworth); `haines-william` (1870 "Haynes", 1912–14 Governor William T. Haines); `gould-samuel` (1869 "Sam'l Gould", 1902–12 Samuel W. Gould); `white-thomas`; `o-leary-john`; `smith-kenneth`; `cote-raymond`; `baldwin-john`; `david-edward`; and `davies-richard`. Several clearly are one person (Brownie Carson, Robert Couturier, Jerome Plante).
- **Spelling slips in winners' names (P-10):** Harry Rollinns → Harry Rollins (1958), George Caroll → George Carroll (1974 HD 116), David Breneman → David Brenerman (1978), Marjorie Hutchins → Marjorie Hutchings (1978 HD 55), Richard McCollster → Richard McCollister (1980 HD 37), Ruth Forster → Ruth Foster (1980 HD 41). Each now shares the person's id with their other contests. `candidate_as_printed` keeps the canvass spelling. The name ". Jarody" (2008–2010 HD 57) is now "Jarody", the single name he ran under.
- **The precinct table** still had the pre-v3.2 id `almy-r` "R. Christopher Almy" (593 rows); it is now `almy-christopher`, as in the town table.

### 20.5 Party codes
- **1950 Governor, Leland Currier (H-09):** FUS with no label → SRD (States' Rights Democrat, a code already in the party list). He was on one line; FUS is only for one person on two lines. The canvass prints no party, so `cand_party_label` stays empty; the party comes from the published returns.
- **No-party candidates → UNE** (Matt's rule): Eugene McCarthy (1976 President), John Anderson (1980 President), Jacqueline Kaye (1976 CD 2), Kenneth Stoddard (1984 CD 2) and Ann Stoddard (1984 U.S. Senate). Also the candidates printed "Non-party" in the 1978 and 1982 Governor, Senate and House races (Frankland, Gahagan, Jannace, Truman, Madigan, Shurtleff, Whittaker, the Cousinses, Burmeister, Warren, Vachon and Flemming): NP → UNE, as for Longley 1974 and Huber/Menario 1986. The printed label "Non-party" is kept. ("Non-Partisan" county candidates of 2012–2024 and the 1980 "N" legislative candidates are unchanged.)
- **RM-12:** `cand_party = WRITE-IN` on 74 rows of two 2010 Democratic primaries (Aroostook Treasurer Wilfred Bell, York Commissioner D3 Daniel Cabral) → DEM (`writein = True` already); `cd` = "Governor" on all 5,984 rows of the 2010 Governor race → blank.
- **Perot (P-169(2)) checked:** 1992 UNE (he ran as an independent), 1996 REF (Reform). Both are correct for their years; nothing changed.

### 20.6 Contest totals (contests.csv)
- 2014 U.S. Senate: `total_votes` 617,232 → 616,967. The write-in detail lines ("Lyo" 174, "Stu" 91: names truncated in the SOS file E143) were being counted on top of "Others" (269), which already includes them.
- 2024 HD 8: `total_votes` 4,961 → 5,309 (blanks included, as in every other contest).
- 1892 Governor, 1896 Governor, 1910 State Auditor: "Blank / defective" ballots are outside the total, as the README says (−6, −1, −542).
- The `n_units` of two June 1988 primaries (York Judge of Probate REP 28 → 29; Penobscot Register of Probate DEM 62 → 63) now match their rows.
- **2024 U.S. House District 2:** `winner_basis` → "ranked-choice final count". The SOS ran a ranked-choice tabulation, and Golden won after it. The figures are still the literal first choices (Golden 196,388, Theriault 194,130). The official round 1 (197,151 / 194,445) is Matt's pending decision (§13.8). 2022 CD 2 and the June 2026 primaries already had the right wording; nothing else changed.
- `reconciliation.csv`: the leftover pre-v2.1 rows of `2014-06-10_Primary_State-House_REP` (no district) are kept and marked as a superseded contest id.

### 20.7 Ballot questions (P-169(1), the Law Library check P-019)
- `referendum_questions.csv`, high-confidence description fixes: 2010-06 Q3 is **$47.8 million** for highways, railroads and marine facilities (was "$57.8 million … energy"); 2012 Q2 **$11.3 million** (UMaine diagnostic facility, community colleges, Maine Maritime Academy); 2012 Q4 **$51.5 million**; 2010-11 Q1 (Oxford County casino) and 2011 Q2 (Biddeford/Washington County racino) get subject "Gambling" and a description.
- **Vote totals were not changed.** Our referendum figures are the sums of the SOS town rows, and the Library's totals differing is not a reason to change town rows. The Library's differing totals are recorded here for Matt:
  - 1997 Q6: Library No 135,549 (ours 136,549).
  - 1997 Q1: Library Yes 164,574 (ours 164,573).
  - 1999 Q7: Library No 128,872 (ours 128,972).
  - 2003 Q2: Library Yes 273,394 (ours 272,394). The SOS's own printed total agrees with ours.
  - **1998-02-10 people's veto:** Library 145,452 / 138,135 (ours 144,223 / 134,650). Our figures are the sum of the SOS Wayback town file W106, which may lack late returns.
  - Smaller differences (2006 Q1, 2010 Q2/Q3, 2012 Q3/Q4, 2016 Q1) are probably preliminary vs certified counts.
  - The certified SOS tabulations would settle all of these.
  - **Checked 2026-10-14 night against the SOS's own files** (`maine_election_results_sources_2010-2026_part*.zip`):
    - 2012 Q3 and Q4 (`E088_refstate1112.xls`): the SOS's printed STATEWIDE TOTALS row is Yes 418,555 / No 270,301 and Yes 499,366 / No 191,454 — the Library's figures. The SOS's own town rows add to 418,550 and 499,367, which is what the database holds. Rule 19 keeps the town sums; the printed totals belong in `reconciliation.csv` at the next results version.
    - 2016 Q1 (`E189_referendum16.xlsx`): the SOS town rows and its printed Grand Totals both give Yes 381,768 / No 377,773, as the database does. The Library's 381,647 / 377,574 differ from the SOS's own file (probably a recount-stage figure); no change.
    - 2006 Q1 and 2010 (November) Q2/Q3: the SOS files have town rows only, no printed total, so they cannot settle these; the certified tabulation from the SOS Division of Elections would (PENDING-WORK P-176).
    - 1997 Q6 (No off by exactly 1,000): no town row in the SOS file casts ~1,000 more ballots on Q6 than on the day's other questions (largest excess 69, Scarborough), so no single mis-keyed row explains it; the Library's figure is the more likely slip.
- **June 1996 library information system bond ($4,905,316; Yes 98,452 / No 90,108).** The SOS published it by county only (`results_county_only.csv`). It has no town rows, so it is not added to `referendum_questions.csv`; it stays a hole.

### 20.8 Notes added, no figures changed
- **1874 Governor (M-01):** 46 places have a figure for only one of Dingley and Titcomb (22 of them sizeable: Cape Elizabeth, Pittston, North Berwick, Whitefield, Raymond, Falmouth …). Their rows now say that the Register prints no figure for the other candidate there; the county sums equal the printed county totals, so the book itself omits them.
- **Column swaps inside one town (H-05) — need a scan re-read, not changed:** 1892 Governor Friendship (118/36; same-day House 38/117); 1900 Governor Friendship (131/41; the Register's note says the Congress figures look transposed instead); 1868 Governor Big Lake Twp (33/6); 1886 Governor Eagle Lake (28/5; Congress 5/28); 1904 House D4 Connor Twp (15/43); 1900 House D4 Cooper (22/9); 1906 House D4 Saint Agatha (14/60; the Register's note says "apparently transposed in print; kept"); 1912 House D4 Caswell (8/25); 1924 Governor Hamlin and Cyr Plt (Brewster 0, Pattangall the whole vote). In none of them does a swap make the printed county total agree. The printed totals agree with the cells as printed, so the evidence for a swap is only the same-day pattern, and the scans should decide.
- **Rule-19 cell corrections (H-04) are NOT applied.** These are about 25 cases where one town cell explains a county or state discrepancy exactly, for example 1916 Harrison Wilson 1,111 → 111, 1924 Searsport 666 → 69 and 1956 Sebago 230 → 120. Applying them is Matt's pending decision. The candidate list is in the audit (`results_historic` H-04).
- **Other single cells that look wrong (M-02, M-03):** need the scans. Examples: 1886 Belgrade Bodwell 141 loaded as "Scattering", 1916 Eastbrook President 436/461, 1936 Parsonsfield President.
- **Certified totals that differ from the SOS files we hold (RM-08):** 2014 Governor (certified LePage 294,533, Michaud 265,125, Cutler 51,518; our file total is 14, 11 and 3 lower). Also 2022 CD 2 and the 2026 Governor primaries, where the official round 1 differs slightly from the literal first choices, as in 2024 CD 2.
- **Low-priority leftovers:**
  - The 1970 Local Option Q6-A lines "T. 17, R. 5, W.E.L.S." and "T. 17, R. 5" both map to Cross Lake Twp.
  - 1972 Washington Commissioner: Calais Humphries appears twice.
  - The 1988 June primaries have duplicate "Others" rows for Glenburn, Hermon and Whitneyville.
  - 1988 DEM Senate primary: Mitchell's Somerset +13 / Washington −13.
  - 2024 Somerset Commissioner D2: Bingham 98, Jackman 11, Moscow 9 (RM-13). These may be township portions; the source should be checked.
  - Identical single-town figures in different years (RM-14).
### 20.9 Holes checked on the SOS website (holes agent, 2026-10-14)
- **Added: the February 24, 2026 special election for House District 94** (part of Lewiston), `2026-02-24_Special-Election_State-House_D94`, from the SOS file "SR 94 Results.pdf": Scott Harriman (D) 572, Janet Beaudoin (R) 503, blank 2. The printed total, 1,077, equals the sum, and the file has no UOCAVA line. The text copy is in `election-results/sources-sos-2026-10-14/`.
- **Added as reference only: `rcv_official_rounds_reference.csv`.** It holds the official ranked-choice round figures for the 2022 and 2024 CD 2 generals and the June 2026 Democratic and Republican Governor primaries. Our first-choice town sums are lower than official round 1 in every case: 2022 CD 2 by 51–80; 2024 CD 2 by 763 (Golden) and 315 (Theriault); 2026 Democratic Governor primary by 25–61; 2026 Republican Governor primary by 7–128. The displayed figures are unchanged; whether to show official round 1 is Matt's pending decision. For 2024 CD 2 the SOS posts no report after the recount, so the 11/15/2024 certified summary is the latest official figure.
- **Not holes after all:**
  - **2018 Penobscot Commissioner District 2.** The SOS 2018 commissioner files have only District 3 for Penobscot; District 2 is elected in presidential years (2020, 2024). No 2018 election was held.
  - **2026 Republican State House primaries in HD 127–135 and others.** The SOS candidate list has no Republican candidate in those districts (HD 113's only candidate withdrew), so the 128 Republican contests we hold are complete.
- **Still missing:**
  - **The 2016-03-29 Senate D32 and 2023-06-13 House D45 specials.** They are not on the SOS results pages or in their archived copies; the tabulations can be requested from the SOS Division of Elections.
  - **The certified 2014 Governor figures.** The SOS site has only `governorgen.xlsx`, which equals our data. The certified tabulation (+14 LePage, +11 Michaud, +3 Cutler) is not posted, so which towns differ cannot be found from here.
  - **State Auditor 1912 and 1916,** and the parties of the 1908–1928 Auditor losers (Maine Register).
  - **President 1820–1864,** pre-1944 State Senate/House and pre-1942 primaries (README coverage table).

## 21. v3.13 — Matt's decisions of 2026-10-15 (rule-19 exception; recounts and seated members)

Script `fix_v3.13.py` (re-runnable on a v3.12 unzip; `--np` adds part C), checked by `verify_v3.13.py`. Every change is listed in `rule19_cell_corrections_v3.13.csv`, `recounts_v3.13.csv` and `v313_changes.csv`.

### 21.1 The new rule
**Rule 19 exception (Matt, 2026-10-15): a single town figure proved wrong by an official or printed total plus the town's own same-day figures is corrected; the printed figure is kept in reconciliation.csv.** The corrected row's `source_note` says what was written, what it was changed to and why. In `reconciliation.csv` the printed total is untouched; the sum and the difference are recomputed and the note names the corrected cell and the old sum and difference. County, district and state rows that are sums of the town figures are recomputed (48 rows), and so are `contests.csv` totals and `max_abs_diff`. **No winner changes** (checked contest by contest).

### 21.2 How the cells were chosen
Three sources: the Data Audit II list (H-04), the transcribers' doubtful cells (P-149(c): where the notes give two readings, the reading that reconciles is used), and a scan of every non-zero difference in `reconciliation.csv`. The scan tried every town cell of the column: the cell had to explain the gap exactly by a typical copying slip (one digit changed, added or dropped, two digits swapped, a round 100 or 1,000), and the town's other races that day (for a November presidential race of the September-election era, the same year's September races) had to put the corrected figure near the town's vote for the same party while the written figure was far from it. Where more than one town fitted equally, nothing was changed. Gaps of 10 or less were corrected only where the transcribers gave two readings, or where an official total confirms the county figure as well (Patten 1950).

### 21.3 Applied (34 cells)
  - 1872 Governor, Hermon, Charles Kimball: 221 → 121 (one digit (2 for 1); Penobscot county total requires 121 (town sum +100); same-day U.S. House Democratic vote 121; town total then equals the House total 327). Found by: H-04.
  - 1876 Governor, Bristol, John Talbot: 240 → 340 (one digit (2 for 3); Lincoln county total requires 340 (town sum -100); same-day U.S. House Democratic vote 340; town total then equals the House total 634). Found by: H-04.
  - 1876 President, Lee, Samuel Tilden: 0 → 92 (figure printed one column right; the 92 is printed in the Scattering column with the Democratic cell blank; the printed Democratic county total 5,303 equals the column sum plus 92; Lee voted 100 Democratic for Governor in September (the printed Scattering total 110 also counts the 92, so Penobscot Scattering now differs from it by 92)). Found by: H-04.
  - 1880 Governor, Orland, Harris Plaisted: 280 → 180 (one digit (2 for 1); Hancock county total requires 180 (town sum +100); same-day vote 180; town total then equals 408 as in the other race). Found by: H-04.
  - 1880 Governor, Wesley, Harris Plaisted: 82 → 32 (one digit (8 for 3); Washington county total requires 32 (town sum +50); same-day vote 33; town total 65 against 66). Found by: H-04.
  - 1894 Governor, Newport, Charles Johnson: 77 → 47 (one digit (7 for 4); Penobscot county total requires 47 (town sum +30); same-day Democratic vote 46; town total 264 against 259). Found by: scan.
  - 1896 Governor, Cape Elizabeth, Melvin Frank: 74 → 24 (one digit (7 for 2); Cumberland county total requires 24 (town sum +50); same-day U.S. House Democratic vote 24; town total then equals the House total 113). Found by: H-04.
  - 1902 Governor, Montville, John Hill: 106 → 164 (misread figure; Waldo county total requires 164 (town sum -58); same-day Republican vote 163; town total 248 against 245). Found by: H-04.
  - 1904 Governor, New Gloucester, William Cobb: 175 → 125 (one digit (7 for 2); Cumberland county total requires 125 (town sum +50); same-day Republican vote 125; town total 241 against 228). Found by: H-04.
  - 1904 Governor, Deer Isle, Cyrus Davis: 49 → 99 (one digit (4 for 9); Hancock county total requires 99 (town sum -50); same-day Democratic vote 99; town total then equals the House total 298). Found by: H-04.
  - 1908 State Auditor, Sumner, Everett Morrow: 185 → 105 (one digit (8 for 0); Oxford county total requires 105 (town sum +80); town total then 216, as in the other two races that day (216, 214)). Found by: scan.
  - 1910 U.S. House D4, Washburn, George Hanson: 147 → 47 (extra digit (1); Aroostook county total requires 47 (town sum +100); same-day Democratic votes 50 and 46; town total 156 against 157 and 156). Found by: H-04.
  - 1916 U.S. Senate (term to 1919), Bangor, Bert Fernald: 1,296 → 1,926 (two digits transposed; Penobscot county total requires 1,926 (town sum -630); same-day Republican votes 1,901, 1,888, 1,858; town total 4,395 against 4,411-4,424). Found by: H-04.
  - 1916 President, Harrison, Woodrow Wilson: 1,111 → 111 (extra digit (1); Cumberland county total 9,795 requires 111 (town sum +1,000); Harrison voted 115-116 Democratic in September; town total then 256 against 275-277 (was 1,256); statewide Wilson becomes 64,133). Found by: H-04.
  - 1918 U.S. House D4, Sangerville, Ira Hersey: 19 → 119 (digit dropped (1); Piscataquis county total requires 119 (town sum -100); same-day Republican votes 120, 126, 113; town total 264 against 256-271). Found by: H-04.
  - 1920 Governor, Drew Twp, Frederic Parkhurst: 1 → 41 (digit dropped (4); Penobscot county total requires 41 (town sum -40); same-day Republican votes 40 and 41; town total 43 against 41 and 42). Found by: H-04.
  - 1920 President, Turner, James Cox: 117 → 217 (one digit (1 for 2); Androscoggin county total requires 217 (town sum -100); Turner voted 221-268 Democratic in September; town total 532 (was 432) against 619-644 in September). Found by: scan.
  - 1920 President, Jonesport, James Cox: 562 → 362 (one digit (5 for 3); Washington county total requires 362 (town sum +200); Jonesport voted 386-392 Democratic in September; town total 530 against 542-554). Found by: scan.
  - 1922 U.S. House D4, Oxbow North Twp, James Sewall: 26 → 6 (extra digit (2); Aroostook county total requires 6 (town sum +20); same-day Democratic votes 6 and 5; town total 11 against 8-11). Found by: scan.
  - 1924 Governor, Chapman, Owen Brewster: 99 → 29 (one digit (9 for 2); Aroostook county total requires 29 (town sum +70; the row note already says "likely misprint"); same-day Republican votes 37-38; town total 49 against 46-48). Found by: H-04.
  - 1924 U.S. House D2, Hope, Wallace White, Jr.: 8 → 98 (digit dropped (9); Knox county total requires 98 (town sum -90); same-day Republican votes 97, 97, 98; town total 201 against 199-202). Found by: H-04.
  - 1924 U.S. House D3, Searsport, L. O. Tebbetts: 666 → 69 (misread figure; Waldo county total requires 69 (town sum +597; the row note already says "total implies 69"); same-day Democratic votes 70 and 79; town total 405 against 403-408). Found by: H-04.
  - 1924 U.S. Senate, Westbrook, Bert Fernald: 965 → 1,965 (digit dropped (1); Cumberland county total requires 1,965 (town sum -1,000); same-day Republican votes 1,967, 1,975, 2,004; town total 3,722 against 3,715-3,789). Found by: H-04.
  - 1926 U.S. Senate, Parkman, Arthur Gould: 19 → 89 (one digit (1 for 8); Piscataquis county total requires 89 (town sum -70); Parkman voted 102-105 Republican in September; town total 98 at the November special). Found by: scan.
  - 1928 U.S. House D1, Yarmouth, E. P. Spinney: 7 → 97 (digit dropped (9); Cumberland county total requires 97 (town sum -90); same-day Democratic votes 103 and 100; town total 582 against 568-597). Found by: H-04.
  - 1942 Governor, Woodstock, George Lane, Jr.: 50 → 30 (one digit (5 for 3); Oxford county total requires 30 (town sum +20); same-day Democratic votes 30 and 30; town total 185 against 178 and 180). Found by: scan.
  - 1950 Governor, Patten, Earl Grant: 70 → 80 (one digit (7 for 8); Penobscot county total and the official state total (94,304) both require 80 (town sum -10); same-day Democratic vote 81). Found by: H-04.
  - 1974 Governor, Boothbay Harbor, James Longley: 362 → 382 (one digit (6 for 8); transcription flagged unsure, readings 362/382; 382 reconciles the Lincoln county total (3,818) and the official Legislative Record total (142,464) exactly). Found by: P-149(c).
  - 1976 U.S. Senate, New Gloucester, Robert Monks: 567 → 507 (one digit (6 for 0); transcription flagged unsure, readings 567/507; 507 reconciles the Cumberland county total (36,195); town total 1,133 then equals the same-day President total 1,133). Found by: P-149(c).
  - 1976 U.S. Senate, Jackman, Robert Monks: 263 → 203 (one digit (6 for 0); transcription flagged unsure, readings 263/203; 203 reconciles the Somerset county total (8,624); same-day Ford 219; town total 618 against 587-598). Found by: P-149(c).
  - 1984 U.S. House D1, Monhegan Island Plt, Barry Hobbins: 36 → 31 (one digit (6 for 1); transcription flagged unsure, readings 36/31; 31 reconciles the Lincoln county total and the printed state total; town total 73 then equals the same-day Senate total). Found by: P-149(c).
  - 1984 U.S. Senate, Gardiner, William Cohen: 2,206 → 2,200 (one digit (6 for 0); transcription flagged unsure, readings 2206/2200; 2200 reconciles the Kennebec county total and the printed state total). Found by: P-149(c).
  - 1984 President, Caribou, Walter Mondale: 1,182 → 1,187 (one digit (2 for 7); transcription flagged unsure, readings 1182/1187; 1187 reconciles the Aroostook county total and the printed state total). Found by: P-149(c).
  - 1984 President, Livermore, Ronald Reagan: 568 → 569 (one digit (8 for 9); transcription flagged unsure (568/569); 569 reconciles the Androscoggin county total and the printed state total). Found by: P-149(c).

The largest: Westbrook 1924 Senate Fernald (+1,000), Harrison 1916 Wilson (−1,000; statewide Wilson 65,133 → 64,133), Bangor 1916 Senate Fernald (+630), Searsport 1924 House Tebbetts (−597), Jonesport 1920 Cox (−200). After the corrections, 67 printed-vs-town differences in these contests are closed; 1974 Longley now equals the official count (142,464). Lee 1876 is a move, not a re-reading: the 92 printed in the Scattering column are Tilden's, so Penobscot's Scattering column now differs from its printed total (110, which counts them) by 92.

### 21.4 Examined and not applied (30)
  - 1916 President, Brewer, Woodrow Wilson: conflicting evidence: 371 is nearer the September Democratic vote (385-391) but the town total would fall to 763 against 834-841 in September; the Penobscot gap (+100) may lie elsewhere
  - 1956 President, Sebago, Dwight Eisenhower: not supported: Sebago's November presidential Republican vote is always far above its September vote (1952: 236 vs 105-138; 1960: 273 vs 241-276); with 120 the town total (159) would fall below every September total (210-243). The Cumberland +110 gap stays (rule 19)
  - 1956 U.S. House D3, Greenville, Clifford McIntire: not a copying slip and not supported: same-day Republican votes range 178-302; the town total would fall to 430 against 478-537
  - 1956 U.S. House D3, Southwest Harbor, Clifford McIntire: not a copying slip and not supported: same-day Republican votes 194-499; the town total would fall to 283 against 336-349. The equal +59 gaps in Hancock (D3) and Franklin (D2) suggest an error in the printed totals
  - 1956 U.S. House D2, Jay, James Reid: not a copying slip and not supported: same-day Republican votes 299-514; town totals that day 1,174-1,272 (1,177 with the change, 1,236 without)
  - 1892 Governor, Thomaston, Henry Cleaves: not exact for a copying slip, and Knox also has an almost equal Democratic gap (Johnson +109): the printed Knox total probably leaves out a town; re-read the scan
  - 1904 Governor, Frenchville, William Cobb: the town total would fall to 86 against the same-day House total 144 (the cells look column-shifted, not mis-copied); Aroostook 1904 is the lowest-confidence county of the book; re-read the scan
  - 1948 U.S. House D3, (Hancock County), Frank Fellows: no single town cell fits: every Hancock town with a +100 reading is contradicted by its same-day Republican vote
  - 1948 U.S. Senate, (Androscoggin County), Margaret Smith: no single town cell fits the +40 gap with same-day support
  - 1892 U.S. House D4, Fort Kent, Charles Boutelle: fixes the district total (+20) but overshoots the Aroostook county gap (+10)
  - 1898 U.S. House D4, Orrington, Charles Boutelle: the Penobscot county total agrees with the town cell; the gap is in the district total only
  - 1976 President, Oakfield, Jimmy Carter: the Aroostook county total agrees with the town cell; the gap is in the state total only
  - 1938 U.S. House D2, Brighton Plt, Clyde Smith: mixed evidence: the same-day Republican vote (34) supports 35, the town total (54 against 61) does not
  - 1898 U.S. House D3, Amherst, Edwin Burleigh: gap of 10 in a small town; same-day figures cannot tell
  - 1902 Governor, Cyr Plt, John Hill: gap of 10; same-day figures cannot tell (57)
  - 1924 State Auditor, Frenchboro, Elbert Hayford / Almond Hodgkins: both Hancock Auditor gaps (-10 each) would be put on the same small town, whose total would then exceed its other races
  - 1948 U.S. Senate, Moscow, Margaret Smith: Somerset county total agrees with the town cell
  - 1872 President: more than one town cell fits the same gap: Aroostook Greeley -10 (four towns fit)
  - 1876 President: more than one town cell fits the same gap: Oxford Tilden -20 (Greenwood, Newry)
  - 1892 President: more than one town cell fits the same gap: Washington Cleveland +10 (Perry, Whiting)
  - 1900 President: more than one town cell fits the same gap: Lincoln McKinley -100 (Boothbay, Bristol); Somerset Bryan -20 (Embden, Harmony)
  - 1902 U.S. House D4: more than one town cell fits the same gap: district Powers +20 (Cyr Plt, Merrill)
  - 1904 U.S. House D3: more than one town cell fits the same gap: district Benson +50 (Deer Isle, Tremont)
  - 1936 Governor: more than one town cell fits the same gap: state Dubord -20 (three towns)
  - 1942 Governor: more than one town cell fits the same gap: state Lane +20 beyond Oxford (six towns)
  - 1948 U.S. Senate: more than one town cell fits the same gap: state Scolten -20 (three towns)
  - 1950 Governor: more than one town cell fits the same gap: state Grant -10 outside Penobscot (Monticello, Westfield)
  - 1952 President: more than one town cell fits the same gap: state Eisenhower +10 (15 towns)
  - 1974 Register-of-Deeds_WAS: more than one town cell fits the same gap: Clark +100 (three towns)
  - 1974 U.S. House D2: more than one town cell fits the same gap: Cohen +10 (eleven towns)

The not-pinned statewide differences listed by the audit (1912, 1908, 1928, 1888 President; 1912 and 1900 Governor) have no single-cell explanation and stay under rule 19.

### 21.5 Recounts and members seated after a contest (Recounts (Matt, 2026-10-15): the recount (official, certified) count is the count used, and the winner is the member seated.)
Figures from the House Committee on Elections reports and Secretary of State communications printed in the Legislative Record, and from the Opinions of the Justices (sources on each row of `recounts_v3.13.csv`). Where the recount is given only for the district, the district row carries it; where the race is by town and the recount is not given by town (1976 HD 29), a district row with the recount is added and the town rows stay the original count, as with the 1974 Sagadahoc commissioner recount (§11). `winner_marked` stays as the canvass printed it; `winners` and `winner_basis` name the member seated. For 2006 HD 102 the Standish town rows carry the recount; the precinct table keeps the SOS's election-night line (as reported).

| Contest | Canvass | Recount / official count | Seated |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 HD 102 (Standish) | Shaw 1,601, Moore 1,588 | Moore 1,641, Shaw 1,635 (2 disputed, 2 unopened absentee; Deputy SOS letter of Dec 1, 2006) | Moore (Shaw sworn in provisionally Dec 6, 2006 pending the House decision) |
| 1976 HD 29 (Gray, New Gloucester, Raymond, Sebago) | Gibbs 1,925, Cunningham 1,914 | Cunningham 1,911, Gibbs 1,904 (Election Commission, incl. 39 disputed ballots; Opinion of the Justices, Feb 1, 1977) | Cunningham, Feb 17, 1977 (district row added) |
| 1966 Auburn (4 seats) | Laberge 3,781, Snowe 3,767 | Laberge 3,773, Snowe 3,772 + 1 ballot held valid for Snowe by the Justices (Jan 31, 1967): 3,773 each | Snowe |
| 1966 Cornish–Limerick–Newfield–Parsonsfield–Shapleigh–Waterboro | Bradeen 918, Carroll 912 | Carroll 930, Bradeen 917 (SOS corrected tabulation, Dec 21, 1966) | Carroll |
| 1964 Avon–Eustis–Kingfield–…–Strong | Smith 1,284, Palmer 1,278 | corrected tabulation (Governor and Council, Dec 30, 1964) not printed; canvass figures kept | Palmer |
| 1964 Brooks–Burnham–…–Unity (Waldo) | Burwell 947, Ryan 921 | 921 each, 4 ballots disputed (referred to the Justices) | Burwell (unchanged) |
| 1960 Auburn (3 seats) | Pontbriand 5,391, Waterman 5,337 | Waterman 5,523, Pontbriand 5,371 (ballot inspection; Pontbriand withdrew) | Waterman |
| 1960 Durham–Lisbon | Bowie 1,385, Karkos 1,378 | Karkos 1,416, Bowie 1,392 (Committee on Elections with the disputed ballots) | Karkos, Jan 31, 1961 |
| 1960 Portland (7 seats) | Hanscomb 14,125, Kellam 13,993 | Kellam 14,177, Hanscomb 14,092 (House recount, Jan 16–17, 1961) | Kellam |
| 1960 Arrowsic–Phippsburg–Topsham–West Bath–Woolwich | Schulten 1,587, Reed 1,571 | Schulten 1,592, Reed 1,578 (Committee on Elections) | Schulten (unchanged) |
| 1958 Bangor (4 seats) | Barry 3,739, Philbrick 3,640 | Philbrick 3,842, Barry 3,755 (official tabulation certified to the House, Legislative Record Jan 7, 1959) | Philbrick |
| 1956 Harrison–Naples–Otisfield | Pitts 572, Morrill 562 | Morrill 561, Pitts 554 (Committee on Elections, absentee ballots counted per the Justices) | Morrill, Jan 9, 1957 |
| 1950 Old Town | Nahra 1,091, Latno 1,084 | Latno 1,093, Nahra 1,081 (Committee on Elections) | Latno, Jan 18, 1951 |
| 1950 Frenchville–Madawaska–Saint Agatha | Michaud 596, Martin 572 | Martin 579, Michaud 547 (Committee on Elections) | Martin, Jan 18, 1951 |

**No change needed:** 1944 Lewiston (five seats; Jalbert and Ouellette are both already winners); 1964 South Portland (McKinnon and Haugen are both on the certified list; the Law Library list lacks McKinnon). **Unresolved:** 1869 Senate, Knox and Penobscot (majority era; Torrey, Fuller and Buffum are already winners; whether Carlton and Kingsbury sat needs the 1870 Senate Journal).

**Note for the website:** the site builder (`site_data.py`) totals town rows when a contest has any, so the 1976 HD 29 district recount row (like the 1974 Sagadahoc one) does not reach the page totals; the winner shown comes from `contests.csv` and is now Cunningham.

### 21.6 Party codes (Matt, 2026-10-15)
* **1980 legislative candidates printed "N" (no party) → UNE** (Matt, 2026-10-15; Matt's rule: no party = UNE), label "N" kept: Stanley Kozloff (HD 118), Arnold Gross (HD 44), John Mitchell Sr. (HD 6), John Kilby (HD 73), Elizabeth Carignan (HD 92), John Barnett (HD 94), John Bullard (SD 22), Richard Bedard (SD 29), Fredericka Boynton (SD 30).
* **County candidates the SOS printed "Non-Partisan" (Somerset County offices 2012–2024; Aroostook and Knox finance/budget committees)** get the party they registered for that race with the Maine Ethics Commission (candidate list received 2026-10-13, `campaign-finance/raw/ethics-bulk/candidates.csv.gz`), or failing that their other races in this database. `cand_party_label` keeps what the SOS printed; the row note (town/aggregate rows) or `method` (candidate_names) says the source. Somerset's county offices are elected without party labels, and most of these candidates filed as Unenrolled for those races even when they ran as Republicans or Democrats for other offices (noted on the row). Still NP (no source): Dean Cray (2018 Somerset Commissioner D3: no 2018 filing; Unenrolled for the same office in 2014, Republican in his House races) and Gayle Gallant (2018 Knox Budget Committee D2: no filing, no other race).
  - 2012 County Commissioner_SOM_D1: Philip Roy, Jr. → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2012, County Commissioner: Unenrolled); Republican in 2004-2008)
  - 2012 County Commissioner_SOM_D1: Gerald York → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2012, County Commissioner: Unenrolled); Democrat in 2006-2010)
  - 2012 County Commissioner_SOM_D2: Robert Dunphy → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2012, County Commissioner: Unenrolled); Republican in 2004-2008)
  - 2012 County Commissioner_SOM_D2: Harry Withee → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2012, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2012 County Finance Budget Committee_ARO: Ralph Ivey → **UNE** (no Ethics Commission filing for 2012; his 2008 Aroostook race in this database is UNE)
  - 2012 Judge of Probate_SOM: John Alsop → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2012, Judge of Probate: Unenrolled); Democrat in 1996-2008)
  - 2012 Register of Probate_SOM: Victoria Hatch → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2012, Register of Probate: Unenrolled); Democrat in 2000-2008)
  - 2018 County Commissioner_SOM_D4: Newell Graf, Jr. → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 County Commissioner_SOM_D5: Lloyd Trafton → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 County Finance Budget Committee_ARO_D4: Sue Powers → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Finance Committee - Aroostook: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 County Finance Budget Committee_ARO_D6: Richard Fortier → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Finance Committee - Aroostook: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 County Finance Budget Committee_ARO_D8: John Rasmussen → **REP** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Finance Committee - Aroostook: Republican))
  - 2018 County Finance Budget Committee_ARO_D8: Reynold Raymond → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Finance Committee - Aroostook: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 County Finance Budget Committee_KNO_D4: Randall Stearns → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Finance Committee - Knox: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 County Treasurer_SOM: Tracey Rotondi → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, County Treasurer: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 Register of Deeds_SOM: Laura Price → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Register of Deeds: Unenrolled))
  - 2018 Sheriff_SOM: Dale Lancaster → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2018, Sheriff: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 County Commissioner_SOM_D3: Scott Seekins → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 County Commissioner_SOM_D4: John Alsop → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 County Commissioner_SOM_D5: Lori Costa → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 County Commissioner_SOM_D5: Anthony Sparrow → **REP** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Commissioner: Republican))
  - 2022 County Commissioner_SOM_D5: Joel Stetkis → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Commissioner: Unenrolled); Republican in his State House races 2014-2020 and 2026 Senate filing)
  - 2022 County Commissioner_SOM_D5: Lloyd Trafton → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 County Finance Budget Committee_ARO_D6: Richard Fortier → **REP** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, Finance Committee - Aroostook: Republican))
  - 2022 County Finance Budget Committee_KNO_D2: Jeffrey Northgraves → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, Budget Committee - Knox: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 County Treasurer_SOM: Tracey Rotondi → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, County Treasurer: Unenrolled))
  - 2022 Sheriff_SOM: Dale Lancaster → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2022, Sheriff: Unenrolled))
  - 2024 County Commissioner_SOM_D1: Robert Sezak → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2024, County Commissioner: Unenrolled); Democrat in his legislative races 1982-2022)
  - 2024 County Commissioner_SOM_D1: Caroline Toto-Lawrence → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2024, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2024 County Commissioner_SOM_D2: Cyprien Johnson → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2024, County Commissioner: Unenrolled))
  - 2024 Judge of Probate_SOM: Robert Washburn → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2024, Judge of Probate: Unenrolled))
  - 2024 Register of Deeds_SOM: Tanya Belanger → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2024, Register of Deeds: Unenrolled))
  - 2024 Register of Probate_SOM: Victoria Hatch → **UNE** (Ethics Commission candidate registration for this race (2024, Register of Probate: Unenrolled))

### 21.7 Ranked-choice totals (Matt, 2026-10-15: "Make the totals the official totals")
**For ranked-choice contests the district/state totals are the SOS's official round-one tabulation; town figures are first-choice marks as the SOS reports them by town and add up to slightly less (skipped/overvoted first rankings credited in the official count; post-election corrections).** For every ranked-choice contest with an official SOS round table, the official round-one figures are stored as `results_aggregate_long.csv` rows (`row_type` district for district contests, state for the statewide Governor primaries; `source_id` SOS-RCV-<contest>, `era` "SOS official RCV tabulation"), and `contests.csv` has a new column **`headline_total`** = `official_rcv_round1` for those 11 contests, telling the pages to use those rows as the contest's total. Town rows stay first choices. `total_votes` in `contests.csv` is unchanged (town-based). All rounds are in `rcv_official_rounds_reference.csv` (now also for the seven contests below).

| Contest | Official round 1 vs town first choices | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 June DEM Governor | equal (126,139) | Summary Report 06/21/2018 (Law Library copy, elec_20180612k.pdf) |
| 2018 June DEM CD 2 | equal (45,211) | Summary Report 06/22/2018 (elec_20180612u.pdf) |
| 2018 Nov CD 2 | equal (289,624) | Summary Report 11/21/2018 (elec_20181106r.pdf; certified 11/26/18) |
| 2020 July REP CD 2 | equal (52,561) | official Summary Report 08/03/2020 (elec_20200714j.pdf) |
| 2022 Nov CD 2 | +579 (incl. write-in 393) | SOS summary certified 11/16/2022 |
| 2024 Nov CD 2 | +657 (Golden +763, Theriault +315; the town file's 421 "others" have no official line) | SOS summary certified 11/15/2024 |
| 2026 June DEM Governor | +254 | SOS RCV Summary Report |
| 2026 June REP Governor | +323 | SOS RCV Summary Report |
| 2026 June DEM CD 2 | +81 | SOS RCV Summary Report (CG2 Democratic) |
| 2026 June REP SD 4 | +4 | SOS RCV Summary Report (REP SS4) |
| 2026 June REP HD 58 | +3 | SOS RCV Summary Report (REP SR58) |

**Not done:** the July 2020 Democratic RCV primaries for State Senate D11 and State House D41, D47, D49 and D90 (official summaries exist as SOS .xls files, which cannot be read from here; Law Library PDF copies were not located file by file); RCV legislative primaries of 2022 and 2024 not checked.

### 21.8 person ids (Matt, 2026-10-15; `person_id_borderline_v3.13.csv`, `person_id_changes_v3.13.csv`)
The 53 borderline cases of v3.12 (numbered in file order): **15 split at the gap** (1 peters-john, 2 gould-samuel, 3 white-thomas, 4 haines-william, 5 beliveau-albert, 7 jones-william, 9 o-leary-john, 11 smith-kenneth, 16 henderson-john, 17 cote-raymond, 23 roy-roger, 24 roberts-paul, 28 martin-james, 34 spinney-james, 36 robinson-john) — the side with the higher office or more contests keeps the id, the other side gets `<id>-<first year>` (438 rows re-keyed in the town, aggregate, precinct and candidate tables); **22 confirmed as one person** ("Matt: same (2026-10-15)"); **16 still open** ("awaiting Matt": 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 22, 29, 32, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 53). The people tables (legislature/, people/) need the same 15 splits.

## 22. v3.14 — person ids: the last borderline cases and a certainty flag (Matt, 2026-10-15 afternoon)

Script `fix_v3.14.py`, checked by `verify_v3.14.py`. No vote figure changes.

### 22.1 The 16 remaining borderline cases are split
Matt ruled the 16 cases left "awaiting Matt" in v3.13 (rows 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 22, 29, 32, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 53) to be different people. They are split at the gap as in §21.8; new ids: ouellette-ernest-1944, cousins-edgar-1944, lane-fred-1946, hamilton-george-1952, brown-willard-1952, barnett-ralph-1958, vincent-george-jr-2010, morse-kenneth-1972, merrill-barbara-1974, kruger-charles-1974, clark-john-1976, thompson-timothy-1976, faunce-irving-1978, david-edward-1982, baldwin-john-1982, neal-robert-jr-1992. 47 rows re-keyed (candidate_names 17, town 22, aggregate 8). All 53 borderline cases now have a decision in `person_id_borderline_v3.14.csv`: 31 different people, 22 the same person.

### 22.2 Certainty flag on every rule- or ruling-made identity
None of these identities has been checked against an outside source. Matt wants each one confirmed later from online sources (obituaries, the Legislative Registers, newspapers). Until then:
- `person_identity_rulings_v3.14.csv` lists every decision: 31 "Matt ruling 2026-10-15: different", 22 "Matt ruling 2026-10-15: same", and 147 "automatic rule v3.12" (113 middle-initial splits — different middle initial and non-overlapping hometowns — and 34 career-gap splits, covering 138 original ids). Each line gives the ids (`id_a` / `id_b`; one id for "same"), the gap, a plain-language note, and for each side the years, number of contests, offices, hometowns and names as printed, plus `research_status` = "to research".
- `candidate_names.csv` has a new column `identity_note` on every row whose person id is involved (1,159 rows). Wording: "Ruled different people (Matt, 2026-10-15) — not yet confirmed from an outside source; could be wrong", "Ruled the same person (Matt, 2026-10-15) — not yet confirmed …", or "Split by rule (v3.12): … — not individually verified; could be wrong", followed by the other id involved.
- The results tables carry `person_id` only; join to `candidate_names.csv` (contest_id + candidate_as_printed) for the note.
- The people tables (legislature/, people/) need the same 31 splits (15 from v3.13, 16 here).

## 23. v3.15 — Billy Bob Faulkingham: one person, the name he goes by (Matt, 2026-10-20)

Matt: "This individual's name is 'Billy Bob Faulkingham' … he goes by 'Billy Bob' … his full legal name it is William Robert Faulkingham." The SOS printed him as "Faulkingham, William R." (2018) and "William Robert" (2020) in State House District 136, and as "Faulkingham, Billy Bob" from 2022 (District 12; 2026 State Senate 6 primary). The parser read "Bob" as a middle name and the two printed forms got two person ids, so the site showed "William Faulkingham" and "Billy Faulkingham" as different people. v3.15 merges `faulkingham-william` into `faulkingham-billy` and displays "Billy Bob Faulkingham" everywhere (`fix_v3.15.py`). The printed names are kept in `candidate_as_printed`.

A scan of every candidate whose printed middle name is a common short first name (Ann, Lee, Jo, Lou, Bob, Jean, Mae, Sue …) found no other case that is clearly a two-part first name used as the everyday name; a few could be (Betty Lou Mitchell, Mary Lou St. John, Mary Ann Lynch / Prue / Radford) but nothing on file says so, so they are left as printed.

## 24. v3.16 — one person, one person_id: the duplicate-person audit (2026-10-21)

Matt (2026-10-21) asked for an audit of every candidate name for "Billy Bob Faulkingham type problems" — one person with two records because the same name was printed in different styles — and for them to be resolved before the downloads are rebuilt.

**How the screen worked.** Every pair of person_ids (write-ins excluded) whose surnames match — or nearly match: one letter apart, or one surname contained in the other (hyphenated and married names) — and whose first names are compatible (same name, a common nickname, one an initial or prefix of the other, or one person's first name the other's middle name) was scored on: same hometown, same office and district, years apart, conflicting middle initials, Jr. vs. Sr., party, and whether the two were ever on the same ballot together or on different ballots the same day. Pairs that ran against each other are excluded. Each pair was then matched to the Legislature's member records (`legislature/members.csv`: full name, nickname, residence, birth date), which settle most legislative cases. A second pass used the Legislature's recorded nicknames ("Chellie", "Tuffy") to find splits the nickname list missed. 336 pairs were screened; every pair scoring above the noise was read by hand (`person_id_duplicate_audit_v3.16.csv` gives the decision on each).

**Result.** 125 merges (66 certain, 59 likely), 2 row moves, 23 pairs left separate for Matt (`person_id_review_v3.16.csv`). The common causes: "Jr."/"Sr." printed on some ballots only (about 40); the 1986 primary printouts, which give many candidates as surname and initial only ("Nadeau, G."); people who go by a middle name ("H. Stedman Seavey", "R. Donald Twitchell"), whose initial-only and full printings got different ids; hyphenated or married surnames (Monaghan-Derrig, Bouchard-Martin, Peavey Haskell, Talbot Ross); misprints ("Rogert", "Woodsie", "Ableson", "Curra"); and nicknames (Chellie Pingree, Tuffy Laffin, Harry Tomah, Herb Adams, Demi Kouzounas).

**Limits.** (1) "Likely" merges rest on the same seat or office, town and name with no record that rules them out; a father and son of the same name in the same town could still be merged wrongly — the review file lists the cases where the evidence points to two men. (2) A person whose surname changed completely (marriage) and who has no Legislature record cannot be found from names. (3) The screen compares people up to 12 years apart. (4) Write-in rows are not screened. (5) About 450 rows carry the goes-by middle name in both `name_first` and `name_middle` (an older parse); display names are unaffected, but the name parts of those rows are not clean.

**Names.** Two-word first names, at Matt's direction ("treat them all as two first names"): `name_first` holds both words and `candidate_display` shows them, for the 23 people printed that way on every ballot (Betty Lou Mitchell, Mary Lou St. John, Mary Ann Lynch, Mary Ann Prue, Mary Ann Radford, Julie Ann O'Brien, Sue Ellen Prahm, Ruth Ann Poland, …) and for Billy Bob Faulkingham's 2022–2026 rows. Carol Ann Grose is left alone because she was also printed "Carol A.". Rachel Talbot Ross: her two ids (`ross-rachel` 2016–2024 printed "Ross, Rachel Talbot", `talbotross-rachel` 2026 printed "TALBOT ROSS, RACHEL") are one, displayed "Rachel Talbot Ross" with surname "Talbot Ross" — the form the 2026 ballot uses.

## 25. v3.17 — the duplicate-person screen extended to write-ins (2026-10-21)

Matt (2026-10-21): "Screen the write in candidates." The v3.16 screen (§24) had left out every `writein = True` row (1,493 rows, 1,251 person_ids, nearly all 1946–1976 canvass write-ins, plus 101 rows with no person_id).

**Method.** The same screen as §24 (same or near-same surname, compatible first names, scored on town, office and district, years apart, middle initials, Jr./Sr., party, same-day ballots, Legislature member records), run on all candidate rows and kept only where at least one side has a write-in row: 91 pairs. Each was read by hand with the contests' counties (write-ins rarely carry a hometown, so the county of the office was the main check). Script `fix_v3.17.py`; decisions `decisions_v3.17.csv`; the whole list with decisions in `person_id_writein_audit_v3.17.csv`.

**Result.** 32 merges (1 certain: Leatrice Morin / "Morim", House 117; 31 likely — the same county office or the same town, the same name in another style or a clerk's misspelling, within four years). 10 pairs left separate with a reason (Goodwin House 108/109, Hartman/Hartlan, McNally/McNelly, Snow, Rogers, Kelley/Kelly Robert, Bushey/Buskey, Welch/Welsh, Kelley/Kelly Peter; Casey is already in the v3.16 review list); the other 49 are different people (first name, county, office or years do not fit).

**Write-ins with no person_id.** 30 named write-in candidates (columns with 10+ votes, loaded as candidates since v3.8) had a blank person_id, so they appeared on no people page. Three are known people with records (Lewis O. Barrows of Newport, 1932; the surname-only "Gardiner", 1932 = Governor William Tudor Gardiner, likely; William P. Thompson of Belfast, 1892, likely); 27 rows get new ids, one per person (`assign_v3.17.csv`). `turner-john-1834` and `thomas-john-1835` carry a year because `turner-john` and `thomas-john` are 1960s county candidates. James L. Howe (1932 President slate, 1934 Governor) gets `howe-james-1932`, not `howe-james` (the 1912 U.S. House candidate of Wiscasset) — possibly the same man, not proven. "Ames" (1932, surname only) stays blank. The 70 rows printed "Write-In" / "W-I" are column totals, not people, and stay blank.

**Limits.** "Likely" here mostly means the same county office two years apart under a misspelt or shortened name; county write-in sheets of 1972–1976 were transcribed from clerks' handwriting. Display names stay as printed except initials-only rows of a merged person ("L. C. Good" → "Lee Good", "R.W. Logan" → "Richard Logan") and the three assigned to existing people.

## 26. v3.18 — 1990, 1991 and 1994 ballot questions; June 1990 CD 1 Democratic primary; stale winner names (2026-10-22, P-178)
- **Sources.** lldc.mainelegislature.org/Open/Elections/Returns: `1990/19901106/elec_19901106m.pdf` (town pp6–24, county summary p5, specimen ballot with statewide totals pp3–4), `1991/elec_19911105b.pdf` (town pp6–24, summary p5, ballot pp3–4, Androscoggin charter p25), `1994/19941108/elec_19941108l.pdf` (town pp3–21, summary p22; question wording `elec_19941108k.pdf` p4), `1990/19900612/elec_19900612j.pdf` (CD 1 Democratic primary pp3–9). Read by eye from 4–5× renders; OCR was tried and rejected as inaccurate. Transcriptions: `election-results/p178-transcription/` (`e1990_towns.txt` etc., `check.py` / `check2.py` re-run the sums).
- **Checks.** Every town column = printed county total, county totals = printed state totals (and = the specimen-ballot totals for 1990 and 1991). Zero differences in 1990, 1991, 1994 and the primary. Figures that look odd but are confirmed by the sums are kept as printed (1990 Topsham Q9 2,822 and Limington Q6 376; 1994 Thomaston Q9 1,055, Topsham Q7 945, Pownal Q2 117/94).
- **Places.** Town names as printed, matched to unit_ids through the labels the 1970–1998 rows already use; explicit choices: Livermore, Madawaska, Boothbay, Rangeley vs Rangeley Plt (name clash after normalising); 1990 "Un.twp. T-a R-10/t-a R-11" → TA R10 / TA R12 combined (1991 and 1994 print R-12; `unit_note`); 1991 "Guerrette/Cross Lk T17" → Cross Lake Twp (note); 1994 footnotes kept as `unit_note`: Blaine includes E Twp. (E Twp. printed 0), "Greenville Twps." = Big Squaw, Harford's Pt., Lily Bay, Little Squaw, TA R10, TA R12. Oxbow Plt. maps to the existing unit for Oxbow (MPD-0063), as the 1990s SOS rows do.
- **Primary.** "others" printed 0 in every town and is not loaded. 143 places (Waldo County's District 1 towns only: 13). Winner derived from the votes (Thomas Andrews).
- **Not loaded (follow-ups):** the other June 1990 primaries (Governor, U.S. Senate, CD 1 Republican, CD 2, Legislature — same folder, files c–m); the 1992 and 1993 November referendums; the Knox 1991 county budget committee question.
- **Stale winner names.** 100 `contests.csv` winners kept a display name that v3.15–v3.17 had changed on the candidate rows; replaced by the one same-surname candidate in the contest (`winners_v3.18_renamed.csv`). Found because a test build of the hub from v3.17 marked 3 of 4 Cumberland Senators in 1946 and counted the State Senate one short in 1946, 1952 and 1954; the live hub had been built before the renames. On the live site the people pages were affected (their office lists left out those wins, e.g. Billy Bob Faulkingham's 2022 and 2024 House elections); place pages take winners from the votes and were not.